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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
No dinosaurs are known from Antarctica
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False
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Tracks and nests are considered fossils, although no part of the ancient animal is preserved
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True
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Paleontologists use two concepts of dating, relative and absolute. Knowing that Raptor Red lived before T. rex and using this knowledge to understand the order of rock layers, illustrates the concept of absolute dating
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False
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known for drawing the first geologic map
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William Smith
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Formations like the Morrison Formation are defined by their fossil content
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False
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Oceanic crust
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basalt
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Lakes like False River, formed when a meandering river cuts off a meander, are called oxbow lakes
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True
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Air is rising in equatorial regions which makes winds there moisture-bearing and the equator an area of high rainfall
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True
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When mountains parallel the sea on the edge of a continent, the seaward side is likely to be rainier than the landward side
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True
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believed that characteristics animals acquired during life could be passed on to their offspring
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Lamarck
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In modern procedures for classifying living and fossil animals, type specimens are typical of the species
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False
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The founder effect is a major type of adaptive evolution
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False
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Humans are r selector strategy animals
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False
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animals likely to be bilaterally symmetrical
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nektonic animals
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mode of fossil preservation that can preserve soft parts from the Paleozoic
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distillation
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The most common fate for a species through earth’s history is to remain the same
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False
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Plants became common in the oceans at about 2 billion years ago, leaving fossils and iron oxide deposits as evidence
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True
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All lobe finned fish are extinct
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False
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Uniting several continents into a large continent will produce less harsh conditions in the continental center than in a small continent at the same latitude
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False
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Amphibians were the first life on land
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False
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Flying dinosaurs are called pterosaurs
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False
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Amphibians lay amniote eggs
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False
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Segmented, bilaterally symmetrical animals occur in?
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Ediacara Fauna
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Teeth were derived from gill supports
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False
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major suggested cause of extinctions at the end of the Paleozoic Era (end of the Permian Period)
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rise in carbon dioxide in the air and ocean
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It is correct to write that you belong to the species Homo Sapiens
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False
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associated with the law of cross cutting relationships
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Steno
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Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus
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True
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first to conclude that species have become extinct in the course of Earth's history
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Baron Georges Cuvier
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proposed the binomial nomenclature (naming) system that is still in use today
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Linnaeus
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genetic drift affects?
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small populations
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index fossils have long time range
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False
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3 characteristics of index fossil
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common in fossil record
easily distinguished from other fossil animals geographicall widespread |
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If a mineral crystal originally contained 80 atoms of a common, radioactive isotope of uranium, after 3 half-lives, how many atoms of the original isotope would remain in the crystal?
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10
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what is radiocarbon dating used on?
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formerly living things like bone or wood
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Darwin's research subject for common ancestry of vertebrates
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finches in Galapagos island
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Gregor Mendel's important discovery
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particulate inheritance
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reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction
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recombination
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cell with 96 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. The resulting daughter cells have how many?
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48
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oldest fossils on earth are how many billion years old?
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3.5
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cyanobacteria evolves slowly.
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True
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Who jointly proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection with Darwin?
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Alfred Russell Wallace
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First amniotes could not lay eggs on land
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False
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gas absent in the atmosphere when the first known fossils formed
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oxygen
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process allowing motile chordates to derive from sessile ones
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neoteny
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motile chordate with dorsal nerve cord
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pikaia
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what gave rise to dinosaurs?
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thecodonts
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What anapsids survived to become common in the present?
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turtles
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percent of sea animals that died in the extinction at the end of the Permian (Paleozoic)
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95%
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Humans are?
(Four things) |
chordates
bilaterally symmetrical coelomates segmented |
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Gause's Law
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Two animal types that use the same resources in the same way cannot live in the same area for long.
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skull with one opening behind the eye?
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synapsid
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Age of Morrison Formation
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Jurrasic
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Age of Allosaurus in Atrium
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Jurrasic
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Time of Raptor Red
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Cretaceous
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Time when Brachiosaurids are common
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Jurassic
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Time when herds of hadrosaurs roam North America
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Cretaceous
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Age of South American sauropod nesting ground with baby sauropod skeletons found in the eggs. The sauropods are titanosaurids
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Cretaceous
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very early dinosaurs
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Triassic
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age of "low feeders" according to Bakker
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Cretaceous
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opening where three bones of dino pelvis meet
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open acetabulum
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where is the additional fenestra of Tetanurans located?
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in front of antorbital fenestra
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Earliest dinos were bipedal and big
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False
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Compare a cubical animal 2 inches on a side with one three inches on a side. The surface to volume ratio of the two is?
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3/1, 2/1
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Possible predator- prey pairs?
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Tyrannosaurus- nodosaurs
OR Allosaurus-Apatosaurus |
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Purpose for stegosaurus plates?
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defense
heat exchangers species recognition |
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Evolutionary novelty of the Ankylosauria
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extensive body armor
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Evolutionary novelty of ornithopods
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lower jaw joint located located below level of tooth rows
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where did protoceratops live?
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desert
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Protoceratops was sexually dimorphic.
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True
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Purposes of frill in ceratopsians
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muscle attachment
display(sexual dimorphism) thermoregulation defense |
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feature of earliest dinos
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S-shaped neck curve
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human infants are precocial
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False (altricial)
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Raptor Red is classified within the dromaeosaurs ( not her genus, but dromaeosaurs are a higher level of classification that includes her)
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True
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A 10-90 predator-prey ratio indicated ectothermy
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False
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sign of endothermy
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haversian systems in bone
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All sauropods could hold their necks straight up to browse from trees
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False
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sometimes found associated with sauropod skeletons
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gastroliths
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time of high feeders
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late jurassic
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what did high feeders eat?
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gymnosperms
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ceratopsians were what kind of feeders?
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low
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Bakker believes this caused extinction
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spread of disease
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How are mammals first recognized in fossil record?
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lower jaw
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when did open grasslands spread?
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Miocene
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Miocene
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middle of the Age of Mammals
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when did glacial advances push cold-adapted plants like spruce into Louisiana?
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Pleistocene
ICE AGE |
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during age of mammals, favored selective feeding in small mammals
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dense angiosperm forests in early Tertiary
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formed of fused collarbone
aka wishbone |
furcula
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Furcula appears in avian dinosaurs
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False
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fact that extinctions tend to look gradual in the fossil record even if they actually were rapid
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Signor-Lipps effect
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Death of the dinosaurs and beginning of the Age of Mammals
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65 my ago
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effects of a large bolide
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large waves
forest fires acid rain cold dark period caused by blotting out of the sun from dust in crater |
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substance that increased in atmosphere and caused global warming, causing extinction
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carbon dioxide
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when rodents replaced primitive primates and multituberculates after arriving in North America from Asia during global warming
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Paleocene-Eocene Boundary early in the Age of Mammals
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predators at Messel site in Germany
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giant birds
whale ancestors |
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rejuvenation (new uplift) of Rockies happened when
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Miocene
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Earth's population and the population of Baton Rouge (pre-Katrina) were doubling in
about the same number of years. Which figure is closest to the doubling time? |
40 years
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intervals at which major hurricanes in the Gulf Coast recur
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300 years
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Angiosperm plants were common by the end of the Cretaceous and may have been one explanation for herds of herbivorous dinosaurs like ceratopsians
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True
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San Andreas faulting began in the Jurassic
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False
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If a fossil fauna is found in a channel base in river deposits at the same level as a fauna in overbank deposits, the faunas are definitely the same age
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False
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Birds have a particularly flexible pelvis
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False
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Cursorial birds
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runners
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Some non-avian dinosaurs had feathers
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True
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High plate tectonic activity results in increased volcanic activity and thus results in higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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True
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Many reptiles including the last dinosaurs died in the end Cretaceous extinctions, but mammals made it through without losses
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False
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Mammals have a four-chambered heart, but birds do not, although both are warm blooded
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False
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Like other mammals, you have a secondary palate
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True
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The first bird is from the Triassic
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False
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Metatheria give birth to their babies at a less advanced age than eutheria
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True
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Endemism in land animals is higher in the Triassic than in the Cretaceous
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False
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The climate in the latest Cretaceous was the mildest and most equable of the whole Cretaceous
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False
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An additional source of iridium at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary may have been?
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major volcanic activity in India
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Whales made the transition from land to sea when Tethys existed
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True
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Early Tertiary fossil whales have been excavated in central Louisiana
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True
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Grass-eating horses have high crowned teeth
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True
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Camel relatives (like llamas) in South America spread there from North America
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True
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Browsing mastodons are more common in Ice Age deposits in Louisiana than grass eating mammoths
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True
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When Antarctic ice increases, sea level drops worldwide
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True
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Landslides in the Canary Islands may cause waves dangerous to the eastern coast of North America
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True
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Volcanoes in western North America are less likely to be explosive and produce lots of ash than the Hawaiian volcanoes
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False
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Tsunamis caused by faulting are unlikely on the western coast of North America
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False
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No major faults exist in the central US
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False
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LSU is built on the edge of a Pleistocene (Ice Age) high area formed when the Mississippi eroded a valley to the west, when sea level stood lower than it is today
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True
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Bison and cows
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artiodactyls
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Extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna coincided with the most major ice advance, so climate change is the main cause in North America
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False
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Cuestas are the result of faulting, not erosion
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False
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Miocene rocks, middle of the Age of Mammals, are the oldest rocks in Louisiana
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False
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Frozen gas hydrates are found in sediments off the Louisiana coast. The frozen gas is carbon dioxide
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False
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The oldest rocks (the oldest formations on your map) in Louisiana are in the center of the state near Alexandria
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False
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No faults occur in Baton Rouge
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False
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According to Dr. Liu, this millennium (the current 1000 years) is an extremely active time for big hurricanes
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False
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Assume a population of cats is growing exponentially and the doubling time is 10 years.
If you start with 100 cats, in 70 years, the population of cats will be |
12800
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How are formations defined?
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Lithology
rock type |
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Rats are r selector
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True
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species
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potentially mutually interbreeding group of animals reproductively isolated from other groups
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source of variation that produces variation by actually changing genes
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mutation
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system of naming for animals
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binomial nomenclature
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when did iron oxides precipitate from early seas?
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When photosynthesis became common as simple plants developed in the seas
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dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, and crocodilians
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archosaurs
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lagosuchus, possibly earliest dinosaur, lived in this time
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Middle Triassic
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NOT an early dinosaur characteristic
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herbivorous
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coined the term dinosaur
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Sir Richard Owen
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Humans are ectothermic
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False
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Triassic dinosaurs are nocturnal
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False
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How is limb bone strength measured?
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cross sectional area, not volume
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dinosaur metabolic endothermy is for what carnivores?
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small
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equal predator/prey ratios suggest?
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ectothermy
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Main time of ankylosaurs
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Cretaceous
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longest dinosaurs
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diplodocidae
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heaviest dinosaurs
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brachiosauridae
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Most abundant sauropods of the late Jurassic. Had a short face and spoon-shaped teeth
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Camarasauridae
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Family that made the Late Cretaceous South American nesting ground where eggs with embryos inside were found
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titanosauridae
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when were big sauropods in Western North America?
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Jurassic
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fused pelvis is characteristic of?
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coelurosaur
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which type of plants reproduce and regrow after grazing more rapidly?
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angiopsperms
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bolide strike would lead to an increase in what?
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iridium
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what is included in greenhouse gases?
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carbon dioxide and methane
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what can be derived from frozen gas hydrates?
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greenhouse gases
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