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159 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
No dinosaurs are known from Antarctica
False
Tracks and nests are considered fossils, although no part of the ancient animal is preserved
True
Paleontologists use two concepts of dating, relative and absolute. Knowing that Raptor Red lived before T. rex and using this knowledge to understand the order of rock layers, illustrates the concept of absolute dating
False
known for drawing the first geologic map
William Smith
Formations like the Morrison Formation are defined by their fossil content
False
Oceanic crust
basalt
Lakes like False River, formed when a meandering river cuts off a meander, are called oxbow lakes
True
Air is rising in equatorial regions which makes winds there moisture-bearing and the equator an area of high rainfall
True
When mountains parallel the sea on the edge of a continent, the seaward side is likely to be rainier than the landward side
True
believed that characteristics animals acquired during life could be passed on to their offspring
Lamarck
In modern procedures for classifying living and fossil animals, type specimens are typical of the species
False
The founder effect is a major type of adaptive evolution
False
Humans are r selector strategy animals
False
animals likely to be bilaterally symmetrical
nektonic animals
mode of fossil preservation that can preserve soft parts from the Paleozoic
distillation
The most common fate for a species through earth’s history is to remain the same
False
Plants became common in the oceans at about 2 billion years ago, leaving fossils and iron oxide deposits as evidence
True
All lobe finned fish are extinct
False
Uniting several continents into a large continent will produce less harsh conditions in the continental center than in a small continent at the same latitude
False
Amphibians were the first life on land
False
Flying dinosaurs are called pterosaurs
False
Amphibians lay amniote eggs
False
Segmented, bilaterally symmetrical animals occur in?
Ediacara Fauna
Teeth were derived from gill supports
False
major suggested cause of extinctions at the end of the Paleozoic Era (end of the Permian Period)
rise in carbon dioxide in the air and ocean
It is correct to write that you belong to the species Homo Sapiens
False
associated with the law of cross cutting relationships
Steno
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus
True
first to conclude that species have become extinct in the course of Earth's history
Baron Georges Cuvier
proposed the binomial nomenclature (naming) system that is still in use today
Linnaeus
genetic drift affects?
small populations
index fossils have long time range
False
3 characteristics of index fossil
common in fossil record
easily distinguished from other fossil animals
geographicall widespread
If a mineral crystal originally contained 80 atoms of a common, radioactive isotope of uranium, after 3 half-lives, how many atoms of the original isotope would remain in the crystal?
10
what is radiocarbon dating used on?
formerly living things like bone or wood
Darwin's research subject for common ancestry of vertebrates
finches in Galapagos island
Gregor Mendel's important discovery
particulate inheritance
reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction
recombination
cell with 96 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. The resulting daughter cells have how many?
48
oldest fossils on earth are how many billion years old?
3.5
cyanobacteria evolves slowly.
True
Who jointly proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection with Darwin?
Alfred Russell Wallace
First amniotes could not lay eggs on land
False
gas absent in the atmosphere when the first known fossils formed
oxygen
process allowing motile chordates to derive from sessile ones
neoteny
motile chordate with dorsal nerve cord
pikaia
what gave rise to dinosaurs?
thecodonts
What anapsids survived to become common in the present?
turtles
percent of sea animals that died in the extinction at the end of the Permian (Paleozoic)
95%
Humans are?
(Four things)
chordates
bilaterally symmetrical
coelomates
segmented
Gause's Law
Two animal types that use the same resources in the same way cannot live in the same area for long.
skull with one opening behind the eye?
synapsid
Age of Morrison Formation
Jurrasic
Age of Allosaurus in Atrium
Jurrasic
Time of Raptor Red
Cretaceous
Time when Brachiosaurids are common
Jurassic
Time when herds of hadrosaurs roam North America
Cretaceous
Age of South American sauropod nesting ground with baby sauropod skeletons found in the eggs. The sauropods are titanosaurids
Cretaceous
very early dinosaurs
Triassic
age of "low feeders" according to Bakker
Cretaceous
opening where three bones of dino pelvis meet
open acetabulum
where is the additional fenestra of Tetanurans located?
in front of antorbital fenestra
Earliest dinos were bipedal and big
False
Compare a cubical animal 2 inches on a side with one three inches on a side. The surface to volume ratio of the two is?
3/1, 2/1
Possible predator- prey pairs?
Tyrannosaurus- nodosaurs
OR
Allosaurus-Apatosaurus
Purpose for stegosaurus plates?
defense
heat exchangers
species recognition
Evolutionary novelty of the Ankylosauria
extensive body armor
Evolutionary novelty of ornithopods
lower jaw joint located located below level of tooth rows
where did protoceratops live?
desert
Protoceratops was sexually dimorphic.
True
Purposes of frill in ceratopsians
muscle attachment
display(sexual dimorphism)
thermoregulation
defense
feature of earliest dinos
S-shaped neck curve
human infants are precocial
False (altricial)
Raptor Red is classified within the dromaeosaurs ( not her genus, but dromaeosaurs are a higher level of classification that includes her)
True
A 10-90 predator-prey ratio indicated ectothermy
False
sign of endothermy
haversian systems in bone
All sauropods could hold their necks straight up to browse from trees
False
sometimes found associated with sauropod skeletons
gastroliths
time of high feeders
late jurassic
what did high feeders eat?
gymnosperms
ceratopsians were what kind of feeders?
low
Bakker believes this caused extinction
spread of disease
How are mammals first recognized in fossil record?
lower jaw
when did open grasslands spread?
Miocene
Miocene
middle of the Age of Mammals
when did glacial advances push cold-adapted plants like spruce into Louisiana?
Pleistocene
ICE AGE
during age of mammals, favored selective feeding in small mammals
dense angiosperm forests in early Tertiary
formed of fused collarbone
aka wishbone
furcula
Furcula appears in avian dinosaurs
False
fact that extinctions tend to look gradual in the fossil record even if they actually were rapid
Signor-Lipps effect
Death of the dinosaurs and beginning of the Age of Mammals
65 my ago
effects of a large bolide
large waves
forest fires
acid rain
cold dark period caused by blotting out of the sun from dust in crater
substance that increased in atmosphere and caused global warming, causing extinction
carbon dioxide
when rodents replaced primitive primates and multituberculates after arriving in North America from Asia during global warming
Paleocene-Eocene Boundary early in the Age of Mammals
predators at Messel site in Germany
giant birds
whale ancestors
rejuvenation (new uplift) of Rockies happened when
Miocene
Earth's population and the population of Baton Rouge (pre-Katrina) were doubling in
about the same number of years. Which figure is closest to the doubling time?
40 years
intervals at which major hurricanes in the Gulf Coast recur
300 years
Angiosperm plants were common by the end of the Cretaceous and may have been one explanation for herds of herbivorous dinosaurs like ceratopsians
True
San Andreas faulting began in the Jurassic
False
If a fossil fauna is found in a channel base in river deposits at the same level as a fauna in overbank deposits, the faunas are definitely the same age
False
Birds have a particularly flexible pelvis
False
Cursorial birds
runners
Some non-avian dinosaurs had feathers
True
High plate tectonic activity results in increased volcanic activity and thus results in higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
True
Many reptiles including the last dinosaurs died in the end Cretaceous extinctions, but mammals made it through without losses
False
Mammals have a four-chambered heart, but birds do not, although both are warm blooded
False
Like other mammals, you have a secondary palate
True
The first bird is from the Triassic
False
Metatheria give birth to their babies at a less advanced age than eutheria
True
Endemism in land animals is higher in the Triassic than in the Cretaceous
False
The climate in the latest Cretaceous was the mildest and most equable of the whole Cretaceous
False
An additional source of iridium at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary may have been?
major volcanic activity in India
Whales made the transition from land to sea when Tethys existed
True
Early Tertiary fossil whales have been excavated in central Louisiana
True
Grass-eating horses have high crowned teeth
True
Camel relatives (like llamas) in South America spread there from North America
True
Browsing mastodons are more common in Ice Age deposits in Louisiana than grass eating mammoths
True
When Antarctic ice increases, sea level drops worldwide
True
Landslides in the Canary Islands may cause waves dangerous to the eastern coast of North America
True
Volcanoes in western North America are less likely to be explosive and produce lots of ash than the Hawaiian volcanoes
False
Tsunamis caused by faulting are unlikely on the western coast of North America
False
No major faults exist in the central US
False
LSU is built on the edge of a Pleistocene (Ice Age) high area formed when the Mississippi eroded a valley to the west, when sea level stood lower than it is today
True
Bison and cows
artiodactyls
Extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna coincided with the most major ice advance, so climate change is the main cause in North America
False
Cuestas are the result of faulting, not erosion
False
Miocene rocks, middle of the Age of Mammals, are the oldest rocks in Louisiana
False
Frozen gas hydrates are found in sediments off the Louisiana coast. The frozen gas is carbon dioxide
False
The oldest rocks (the oldest formations on your map) in Louisiana are in the center of the state near Alexandria
False
No faults occur in Baton Rouge
False
According to Dr. Liu, this millennium (the current 1000 years) is an extremely active time for big hurricanes
False
Assume a population of cats is growing exponentially and the doubling time is 10 years.
If you start with 100 cats, in 70 years, the population of cats will be
12800
How are formations defined?
Lithology
rock type
Rats are r selector
True
species
potentially mutually interbreeding group of animals reproductively isolated from other groups
source of variation that produces variation by actually changing genes
mutation
system of naming for animals
binomial nomenclature
when did iron oxides precipitate from early seas?
When photosynthesis became common as simple plants developed in the seas
dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, and crocodilians
archosaurs
lagosuchus, possibly earliest dinosaur, lived in this time
Middle Triassic
NOT an early dinosaur characteristic
herbivorous
coined the term dinosaur
Sir Richard Owen
Humans are ectothermic
False
Triassic dinosaurs are nocturnal
False
How is limb bone strength measured?
cross sectional area, not volume
dinosaur metabolic endothermy is for what carnivores?
small
equal predator/prey ratios suggest?
ectothermy
Main time of ankylosaurs
Cretaceous
longest dinosaurs
diplodocidae
heaviest dinosaurs
brachiosauridae
Most abundant sauropods of the late Jurassic. Had a short face and spoon-shaped teeth
Camarasauridae
Family that made the Late Cretaceous South American nesting ground where eggs with embryos inside were found
titanosauridae
when were big sauropods in Western North America?
Jurassic
fused pelvis is characteristic of?
coelurosaur
which type of plants reproduce and regrow after grazing more rapidly?
angiopsperms
bolide strike would lead to an increase in what?
iridium
what is included in greenhouse gases?
carbon dioxide and methane
what can be derived from frozen gas hydrates?
greenhouse gases