Digital Imaging

Front 1

Aperture

Back 1

Controls the amount of light admitted through an opening, can be adjusted to let more or less light into the sensor

Front 2

Exposure

Back 2

The moment when light strikes the sensor. Controlled by 3 factors - amount of light (aperture) length of time exposed (shutter speed) and sensitivity of sensor (ISO)

Front 3

F- Stops

Back 3

Is the ratio of the focal length of the lense to the diameter of the opening in the aperture
2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 22

Front 4

Shutter Speed

Back 4

Controls how long the light flows through the lens and onto the image sensor

Front 5

Metadata

Back 5

is structured information about a collection of data, all the details about the image taken collected by the camera

Front 6

ISO

Back 6

International Standards Organization - ISO is a rating that measures the light sensitivity for a image sensor

Front 7

Resolution

Back 7

Information! is measures in either pixels per inch (ppi) or pixel dimensions and printer resolution is dots per inch (dpi)
How large an image can be reproduced

Front 8

Bit Depth

Back 8

the number of bits used to store a value
either 8 or 16 bits for each of the colours (Red, Green and Blue)

Front 9

Additive Primary Colours

Back 9

RGB
primary colours for emitted light
each colour adds a wavelength of light to produce the final colour

Front 10

Subtractive Primary Colour

Back 10

Cyan, Magenta and Yellow
Absorb some of the light - subtracting certain wavelengths

Front 11

File Formats

Back 11

RAW or JPEG

Front 12

RAW

Back 12

raw data recorded by the sensor
must be converted before you can edit
Advantages: capture high-bit, no in-camera processing, flexibility to adjust during conversion
Disadvantages: large file size, must be converted, need to work with high bit

Front 13

JPEG

Back 13

Noramaly 8-bit
lossy compression to minimize file size
will lose detail and colour

Front 14

How does the Camera work

Back 14

light reflects off the scene in front of the lens, then passes through the lens and the open shutter, the light hits the image sensor; which translates it into electrical voltages. The info is process to eliminate noise, calculate colour value, produce an image data file and write that file to a digital memory card.

Front 15

Focal Length

Back 15

distance from the rear nodal point of the lens to the point where the light rays passing through the lens are focused onto the focal plane.
The longer the focal length the more the lens will magnify the scene - contain smaller portion of the secene

Front 16

Chips

Back 16

CCD or CMOS
record the amount of light coming in the lense
Do not respond to colour
Individual colour filters to limit range of light each pixel can 'see'

Front 17

CCD

Back 17

More sensitive to light than CMOS
All light to electron conversions done off chip
Analog
Charged Coupled Device

Front 18

CMOS

Back 18

Light to electron conversion is done on the chip
Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor

Front 19

Interpolation

Back 19

colour measure intensity of surrounding pixels

Front 20

Depth of Field

Back 20

rang of distances in a photograph, from nearest to furthers that appears to be in focus

Front 21

White Balance

Back 21

An adjustment that corrects colour according to the lighting of a scene
Shade, Sunlight, Tungsten, Fluorsent or Flash

Front 22

Specular Reflection

Back 22

Like the mirror reflection of light

Front 23

Guide Number

Back 23

Electronic flash - measures the ability to illuminate the subject to be photographed at a specific film or sensor sensitivity & angle view
Higher number = more powerful flash
Doubling the guide number means quadrupling the flash's power
GN = distance x f-number

Front 24

Pure White Light

Back 24

Equal mix of all waves from the visible spectrum

Front 25

Why we Manage Colour

Back 25

To make digital images look the same across a range of different output devices

Front 26

ICC colour management

Back 26

International Colour Consortium
any device can be used as long as it has been calibrated and characterised to create a profile

Front 27

PCS

Back 27

Profile Connection Space - connection between input and output

Front 28

Working Colour Space

Back 28

A virtual space where images are held within work flow. It is here changes are made and this is what is saved in a file. 24 bit colour, needs to be big enough to contain all the colours of the original image

Front 29

Profile required to view on monitor

Back 29

Working Colour Space profile and monitor colour space profile

Front 30

Input Profile

Back 30

scanner
camera

Front 31

Output profile

Back 31

printer
film recorder

Front 32

Display profile

Back 32

monitor
projector

Front 33

Device to Device profile

Back 33

custrom transfer from device to device

Front 34

Colour Space profile

Back 34

transfer to/from a working colour space

Front 35

Output Profile Creation

Back 35

Test image printed from disk
Printed values are measures and related to the reference
Output profile created that relates output device values to the Profile Connection Space (PCS)

Front 36

Calibration of Monitor

Back 36

Spectrophotometer placed on screen
software run
contrast control to centre
colour controls to centre
software produces colours & measured by spectrophotometer
software builds a translation table

Front 37

Neutra Grey

Back 37

128RGB

Front 38

Requirement of Audit Trail

Back 38

OWIN DR
Original Saved
Working Layers
Individual Correction Layers
Named appropriately
Document Steps
Reproducible

Front 39

Incorrect Exposure

Back 39

Can Fix
Adjust Brightness using brightness and contrast
Image --> Adjustments --> Brightness Contrast

Front 40

Scanned Distortion

Back 40

Can Fix
Compare the lengths of the axes of the ABFO scale and shorten the image along the axis of the longer one until they both match.

Front 41

Image not straight

Back 41

Can Fix
Rotate the image without adjusting proportions

Front 42

Colour Imablance

Back 42

Can Fix
Adjust using colour balance setting and a neutral grey reference square on a neutral grey square of ABFO

Front 43

JPEG Artefacts/ JPEG COmpression

Back 43

Cannot Fix

Front 44

Position of Object of INterest

Back 44

not central to ABFO Cannot Fix

Front 45

ABFO not in same plane

Back 45

Cannot Fix

Front 46

Light Gradient

Back 46

Cannot Fix

Front 47

Focus of Image

Back 47

Cannot Fix

Front 48

Circle of Confusion

Back 48

The diameter where objects are neither in focus nor out of focus therefore may appear focused even though they aren't. Associated with Depth of Field.

Front 49

TIFF

Back 49

Supports layer documents, good for storage but takes more space but don't lose information

Front 50

SLR

Back 50

Single Lens Reflector

Front 51

HDR

Back 51

High Dynamic Range
a series of photos that contain a range of contrast and briskness values that better reflect how you see the play of lights to darks. It is impossible to capture all detail of dark and light areas in one shot

Front 52

Colour Profile

Back 52

Describes the colour behaviour of a particular device so that the behaviour can be translated into a known standard