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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aperture
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Controls the amount of light admitted through an opening, can be adjusted to let more or less light into the sensor
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Exposure
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The moment when light strikes the sensor. Controlled by 3 factors - amount of light (aperture) length of time exposed (shutter speed) and sensitivity of sensor (ISO)
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F- Stops
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Is the ratio of the focal length of the lense to the diameter of the opening in the aperture
2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 22 |
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Shutter Speed
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Controls how long the light flows through the lens and onto the image sensor
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Metadata
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is structured information about a collection of data, all the details about the image taken collected by the camera
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ISO
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International Standards Organization - ISO is a rating that measures the light sensitivity for a image sensor
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Resolution
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Information! is measures in either pixels per inch (ppi) or pixel dimensions and printer resolution is dots per inch (dpi)
How large an image can be reproduced |
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Bit Depth
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the number of bits used to store a value
either 8 or 16 bits for each of the colours (Red, Green and Blue) |
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Additive Primary Colours
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RGB
primary colours for emitted light each colour adds a wavelength of light to produce the final colour |
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Subtractive Primary Colour
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Cyan, Magenta and Yellow
Absorb some of the light - subtracting certain wavelengths |
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File Formats
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RAW or JPEG
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RAW
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raw data recorded by the sensor
must be converted before you can edit Advantages: capture high-bit, no in-camera processing, flexibility to adjust during conversion Disadvantages: large file size, must be converted, need to work with high bit |
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JPEG
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Noramaly 8-bit
lossy compression to minimize file size will lose detail and colour |
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How does the Camera work
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light reflects off the scene in front of the lens, then passes through the lens and the open shutter, the light hits the image sensor; which translates it into electrical voltages. The info is process to eliminate noise, calculate colour value, produce an image data file and write that file to a digital memory card.
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Focal Length
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distance from the rear nodal point of the lens to the point where the light rays passing through the lens are focused onto the focal plane.
The longer the focal length the more the lens will magnify the scene - contain smaller portion of the secene |
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Chips
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CCD or CMOS
record the amount of light coming in the lense Do not respond to colour Individual colour filters to limit range of light each pixel can 'see' |
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CCD
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More sensitive to light than CMOS
All light to electron conversions done off chip Analog Charged Coupled Device |
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CMOS
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Light to electron conversion is done on the chip
Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor |
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Interpolation
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colour measure intensity of surrounding pixels
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Depth of Field
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rang of distances in a photograph, from nearest to furthers that appears to be in focus
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White Balance
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An adjustment that corrects colour according to the lighting of a scene
Shade, Sunlight, Tungsten, Fluorsent or Flash |
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Specular Reflection
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Like the mirror reflection of light
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Guide Number
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Electronic flash - measures the ability to illuminate the subject to be photographed at a specific film or sensor sensitivity & angle view
Higher number = more powerful flash Doubling the guide number means quadrupling the flash's power GN = distance x f-number |
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Pure White Light
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Equal mix of all waves from the visible spectrum
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Why we Manage Colour
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To make digital images look the same across a range of different output devices
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ICC colour management
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International Colour Consortium
any device can be used as long as it has been calibrated and characterised to create a profile |
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PCS
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Profile Connection Space - connection between input and output
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Working Colour Space
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A virtual space where images are held within work flow. It is here changes are made and this is what is saved in a file. 24 bit colour, needs to be big enough to contain all the colours of the original image
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Profile required to view on monitor
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Working Colour Space profile and monitor colour space profile
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Input Profile
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scanner
camera |
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Output profile
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printer
film recorder |
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Display profile
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monitor
projector |
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Device to Device profile
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custrom transfer from device to device
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Colour Space profile
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transfer to/from a working colour space
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Output Profile Creation
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Test image printed from disk
Printed values are measures and related to the reference Output profile created that relates output device values to the Profile Connection Space (PCS) |
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Calibration of Monitor
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Spectrophotometer placed on screen
software run contrast control to centre colour controls to centre software produces colours & measured by spectrophotometer software builds a translation table |
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Neutra Grey
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128RGB
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Requirement of Audit Trail
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OWIN DR
Original Saved Working Layers Individual Correction Layers Named appropriately Document Steps Reproducible |
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Incorrect Exposure
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Can Fix
Adjust Brightness using brightness and contrast Image --> Adjustments --> Brightness Contrast |
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Scanned Distortion
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Can Fix
Compare the lengths of the axes of the ABFO scale and shorten the image along the axis of the longer one until they both match. |
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Image not straight
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Can Fix
Rotate the image without adjusting proportions |
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Colour Imablance
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Can Fix
Adjust using colour balance setting and a neutral grey reference square on a neutral grey square of ABFO |
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JPEG Artefacts/ JPEG COmpression
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Cannot Fix
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Position of Object of INterest
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not central to ABFO Cannot Fix
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ABFO not in same plane
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Cannot Fix
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Light Gradient
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Cannot Fix
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Focus of Image
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Cannot Fix
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Circle of Confusion
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The diameter where objects are neither in focus nor out of focus therefore may appear focused even though they aren't. Associated with Depth of Field.
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TIFF
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Supports layer documents, good for storage but takes more space but don't lose information
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SLR
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Single Lens Reflector
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HDR
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High Dynamic Range
a series of photos that contain a range of contrast and briskness values that better reflect how you see the play of lights to darks. It is impossible to capture all detail of dark and light areas in one shot |
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Colour Profile
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Describes the colour behaviour of a particular device so that the behaviour can be translated into a known standard
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