Digestive Tract Development Ii

Front 1

Where does the foregut extend from and to, and what does it include? What is the major arterial supply for foregut structures below the esophagus?

Back 1

From pharynx to the 2nd part of the duodenum

Celiac a.

Front 2

What is the stomach parasymphathetically innervated by? What causes the greater curvature? What does swinging of the stomach do to the vagus nerve?

Back 2

Right (posterior) left (anterior) vagus nerve. The dorsal border grows faster
Causes the vagus nerve to become anterior and posterior

Front 3

What do the 2 divisions of the hepatic diveriticulum become?

Back 3

Cranial part - liver
caudal part - GB & cystic duct

Front 4

What tissues and cells come frmo the septum transversum in the liver?

Back 4

hemopoetic tissue, Kupffer cells, fibrous tissue

Front 5

How is the pancreas formed?
What is the duct of the ventral part?
What is the duct of the dorsal part?

Back 5

Fusion of 2 buds of tissue from endoderm of caudal foregut.
V: main pancreatic duct (Wirsung)
D: Acessory duct (Santorini)

Front 6

What is an anular pancreas?>

Back 6

Occurs when the ventral bud fuses around the 2nd part of the duodenum duodenum, and shuts it off

Front 7

What is the spleen derived from?

Back 7

mass of mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium.

Gut rotation clockwise makes the splenic artery take a tortuous course

Front 8

Tracheo-esophageal fistula?

Back 8

abnormal connection between trachea and the esophagus

Front 9

What is the duodenum? How many parts does it have? Which are retro/intraperitoneal?

Back 9

The first portion of the small intestines
1: duodenal bulb - intraperitoneal
2-4 are retroperitoneal

Front 10

What will an ulcer that erodes through the posterior wall of the dudoenal bulb damage?

Back 10

gastroduodenal a.

Front 11

Where do the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum?

Back 11

2nd part - descending

Front 12

What does the horizontal portion (3rd part) of the duodenum cross over? What can the the superlior mesenteric a. do to this portion?

Back 12

Aorta, and the IVC
Can compress this portion against the spine. gets better by not lying on a certain side

Front 13

What holds part 4 of the duodenum (ascending) in place, and what does this part connect to?

Back 13

Ligament of Treitz
connect to the Jejunum

Front 14

What does the 2nd part of the duodenum travel close to?

Back 14

Head of the pancreas

Front 15

Order in length: Jejunum, ileum, duodenum

Back 15

Ileum > Jejunum > duodenum

Front 16

Compare Jejunum vs Ileum in:
plica circularis (circular folds)
Arterial arcades, vasa recta
Lymphatic tissue

Back 16

J: large and prominent plica ciruclaris, so thicker wall. Fewer arterial arcades, long vasa recta
I:Minimal plica circularis, so thinner and smoother walls. Numerous arcades, short vasa recta
Prominent lymphatic tissue

Front 17

What does the ileum empty into?

Back 17

Cecum

Front 18

What part of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
The IMA?
Nerve supply?

Back 18

2nd part of duodenum to distal transverse colon
Distal transverse colon to upper rectum
Splanchnic n. (greater, middle, lesser)

Front 19

What are 3 characteristics of the large intestine?

Back 19

Haustra (pouched appearance), Taeniae coli (3 bands of outer longitudinal muscle converging on the appendix), and Epiploic appendages (small pouches of fat)

Front 20

What is another name for the colon? What are the portions and the peritonisity of the colon?

Back 20

large intestine
1. Cecum- intraperitoneal
2. Ascending - retro
3. transverse - intra
4. Descending - retro
5. sigmoid - intra

Front 21

What are the valves of the rectum called?

Back 21

Valves of Houston

Front 22

How does food travel through the body?

Back 22

Esophagus -> Stomach -> Duodenum -> Jejunum -> ileum -> cecum -> Ascending colon -hepatic flexure-> Transverse colon (Transverse flexure) -Splenic flexure-> descending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum -> anus

Front 23

What 3 a. come off the front of the abdominal aorta?

Back 23

Celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric a.

Front 24

What can the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. from the SMA anastomose with?

Back 24

ant./post. superior pancreaticoduodenal a. from the celiac trunk

Front 25

What do vasa recta that supply intestines come from?

Back 25

arcades from intestinal aa.

Front 26

What do intestinal aa. supply?

Back 26

jejunum and ileum

Front 27

What does the ileocolic a. suply?

Back 27

distal end of ileum, cecum, and proximal ascending colon, has an appendicular branch to suppy the vermiform appendix

Front 28

Whatdoes the right colic a., and middle colic a. go to?

Back 28

Right - ascending colon
Middle colic a- proximal 1/2 of transverse colon

Front 29

What are 3 branches from the inferior mesenteric a? And what do they go to?

Back 29

Left colic (transverse and descending colon)
Sigmoidal a.
Superior rectal a. (superior 1/3 of rectu and distal sigmoid colon)

Front 30

What does the celiac trunk, the SMA, and the IMA supply?

Back 30

celiac- lower esophagus, stomach & duodenal bulb
SMA- descending portion of the duodenum to mid/distal transverse colon near splenic flexure
IMA- supplies middle to distal transverse colon to superior portion of rectum

Front 31

What parasymphathetic nerve supplies the gut from the esophagus to the distal 2/3 (same differentiating spot as blood) of transverse colon? What supples the rest?

Back 31

Vagus then sacral

Front 32

What is the sympathetic innervation of the gut?

Back 32

splanchnic n. of the thorax

Front 33

What is the marginal artery of Drummond?

Back 33

A continuous arterial pathway along the colon formed by anastomosing branches of the ileocolic a. to the sigmoidal a.

Front 34

Where do veins that drain GI tract, spleen pancreas and gallbladder empty, and where does that blood go?

Back 34

Hepatic portal vein -> goes to liver for filtering -> dumped into the IVC

Front 35

The merging of what two veins forms the hepatic portal system?

Back 35

Splenic v, and the superior mesenteric v.

Front 36

What lobe of the liver empties directly into the IVC without going through hepatic v?

Back 36

caudate lobe

Front 37

What is the normal direction for blood flow in the hepatic portal v?

Back 37

Toward the liver

Front 38

What is varices caused by?

Back 38

dilation of small vessels

Front 39

What are the 4 anastomoses between portal and systemic v in the lower gut? required when blood is not getting through the liver...

Back 39

Portal------Systemic----syndrome
A. Left Gastric----Esophageal---varices
B. Superior rectal---middle/inf rectal---internal hemorrhoids
C. Paraumbilical ---Sup/inf epigastric ---caput medus
D. Splenic v --- left renal or colic v --- none listed

Front 40

Where does the rt gonadal v. dump blood, left?

Back 40

Rt - direct to the IVC
lt - into the left renal v.

Front 41

What are the 3 branches of the celiac?
4 of the SMA
3 of the IMA

Back 41

C: splenic, common hepatic, left gastric
SMA: intestinal, ileocolic, right colic, middle colic
IMA: left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal

Front 42

What does the celiac, SMA, IMA supply?

Back 42

C: stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, proximal duodenum
SMA - mid-duodenum, all of small intestines, colon to the splenic flexure
IMA- colon distal to splenic flexure to superior rectum

Front 43

What organs are retroperitoneal? Bowel, other?

Back 43

pancreas, kidneys/adrenal glands
2-4th duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum
aorta, IVC, ureters

Front 44

development?

Back 44

development?