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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where does the foregut extend from and to, and what does it include? What is the major arterial supply for foregut structures below the esophagus?
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From pharynx to the 2nd part of the duodenum
Celiac a. |
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What is the stomach parasymphathetically innervated by? What causes the greater curvature? What does swinging of the stomach do to the vagus nerve?
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Right (posterior) left (anterior) vagus nerve. The dorsal border grows faster
Causes the vagus nerve to become anterior and posterior |
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What do the 2 divisions of the hepatic diveriticulum become?
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Cranial part - liver
caudal part - GB & cystic duct |
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What tissues and cells come frmo the septum transversum in the liver?
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hemopoetic tissue, Kupffer cells, fibrous tissue
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How is the pancreas formed?
What is the duct of the ventral part? What is the duct of the dorsal part? |
Fusion of 2 buds of tissue from endoderm of caudal foregut.
V: main pancreatic duct (Wirsung) D: Acessory duct (Santorini) |
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What is an anular pancreas?>
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Occurs when the ventral bud fuses around the 2nd part of the duodenum duodenum, and shuts it off
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What is the spleen derived from?
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mass of mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium.
Gut rotation clockwise makes the splenic artery take a tortuous course |
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Tracheo-esophageal fistula?
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abnormal connection between trachea and the esophagus
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What is the duodenum? How many parts does it have? Which are retro/intraperitoneal?
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The first portion of the small intestines
1: duodenal bulb - intraperitoneal 2-4 are retroperitoneal |
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What will an ulcer that erodes through the posterior wall of the dudoenal bulb damage?
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gastroduodenal a.
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Where do the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum?
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2nd part - descending
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What does the horizontal portion (3rd part) of the duodenum cross over? What can the the superlior mesenteric a. do to this portion?
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Aorta, and the IVC
Can compress this portion against the spine. gets better by not lying on a certain side |
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What holds part 4 of the duodenum (ascending) in place, and what does this part connect to?
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Ligament of Treitz
connect to the Jejunum |
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What does the 2nd part of the duodenum travel close to?
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Head of the pancreas
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Order in length: Jejunum, ileum, duodenum
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Ileum > Jejunum > duodenum
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Compare Jejunum vs Ileum in:
plica circularis (circular folds) Arterial arcades, vasa recta Lymphatic tissue |
J: large and prominent plica ciruclaris, so thicker wall. Fewer arterial arcades, long vasa recta
I:Minimal plica circularis, so thinner and smoother walls. Numerous arcades, short vasa recta Prominent lymphatic tissue |
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What does the ileum empty into?
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Cecum
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What part of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
The IMA? Nerve supply? |
2nd part of duodenum to distal transverse colon
Distal transverse colon to upper rectum Splanchnic n. (greater, middle, lesser) |
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What are 3 characteristics of the large intestine?
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Haustra (pouched appearance), Taeniae coli (3 bands of outer longitudinal muscle converging on the appendix), and Epiploic appendages (small pouches of fat)
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What is another name for the colon? What are the portions and the peritonisity of the colon?
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large intestine
1. Cecum- intraperitoneal 2. Ascending - retro 3. transverse - intra 4. Descending - retro 5. sigmoid - intra |
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What are the valves of the rectum called?
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Valves of Houston
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How does food travel through the body?
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Esophagus -> Stomach -> Duodenum -> Jejunum -> ileum -> cecum -> Ascending colon -hepatic flexure-> Transverse colon (Transverse flexure) -Splenic flexure-> descending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum -> anus
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What 3 a. come off the front of the abdominal aorta?
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Celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric a.
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What can the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa. from the SMA anastomose with?
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ant./post. superior pancreaticoduodenal a. from the celiac trunk
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What do vasa recta that supply intestines come from?
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arcades from intestinal aa.
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What do intestinal aa. supply?
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jejunum and ileum
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What does the ileocolic a. suply?
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distal end of ileum, cecum, and proximal ascending colon, has an appendicular branch to suppy the vermiform appendix
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Whatdoes the right colic a., and middle colic a. go to?
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Right - ascending colon
Middle colic a- proximal 1/2 of transverse colon |
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What are 3 branches from the inferior mesenteric a? And what do they go to?
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Left colic (transverse and descending colon)
Sigmoidal a. Superior rectal a. (superior 1/3 of rectu and distal sigmoid colon) |
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What does the celiac trunk, the SMA, and the IMA supply?
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celiac- lower esophagus, stomach & duodenal bulb
SMA- descending portion of the duodenum to mid/distal transverse colon near splenic flexure IMA- supplies middle to distal transverse colon to superior portion of rectum |
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What parasymphathetic nerve supplies the gut from the esophagus to the distal 2/3 (same differentiating spot as blood) of transverse colon? What supples the rest?
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Vagus then sacral
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What is the sympathetic innervation of the gut?
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splanchnic n. of the thorax
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What is the marginal artery of Drummond?
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A continuous arterial pathway along the colon formed by anastomosing branches of the ileocolic a. to the sigmoidal a.
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Where do veins that drain GI tract, spleen pancreas and gallbladder empty, and where does that blood go?
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Hepatic portal vein -> goes to liver for filtering -> dumped into the IVC
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The merging of what two veins forms the hepatic portal system?
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Splenic v, and the superior mesenteric v.
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What lobe of the liver empties directly into the IVC without going through hepatic v?
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caudate lobe
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What is the normal direction for blood flow in the hepatic portal v?
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Toward the liver
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What is varices caused by?
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dilation of small vessels
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What are the 4 anastomoses between portal and systemic v in the lower gut? required when blood is not getting through the liver...
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Portal------Systemic----syndrome
A. Left Gastric----Esophageal---varices B. Superior rectal---middle/inf rectal---internal hemorrhoids C. Paraumbilical ---Sup/inf epigastric ---caput medus D. Splenic v --- left renal or colic v --- none listed |
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Where does the rt gonadal v. dump blood, left?
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Rt - direct to the IVC
lt - into the left renal v. |
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What are the 3 branches of the celiac?
4 of the SMA 3 of the IMA |
C: splenic, common hepatic, left gastric
SMA: intestinal, ileocolic, right colic, middle colic IMA: left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal |
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What does the celiac, SMA, IMA supply?
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C: stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, proximal duodenum
SMA - mid-duodenum, all of small intestines, colon to the splenic flexure IMA- colon distal to splenic flexure to superior rectum |
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What organs are retroperitoneal? Bowel, other?
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pancreas, kidneys/adrenal glands
2-4th duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum aorta, IVC, ureters |
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development?
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development?
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