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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main themes of digestion
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Mobility: ingestion, mastication: chewing/mixing, deglutition: swallowing food, peristalsis: contraactions that move food through the GI tract
Secretion: exocrine (many enzymes are secreted from into lumen), endocrine (stomach and small intestine secrete hormones to help regulate the digestive process) |
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4 layers of the digestive tube from outermost to innermost
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Serosa (connective tissue), muscularis (smooth muscle), submucosa, mucosa
*Submucosa and mucosa have glands that secrete substances for digestion |
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Layer that comes in direct contact with food
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Mucosa
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What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
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Food intake, mechanical digestion (mastication), chemical digestion, deglutition (swallowing)
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5 reasons that saliva rules
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1.
2. 3. 4. 5. |
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What are the 2 types of neuronal control of salivation and what do they do?
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1. Primitive: pressure from food in the mouth sends an afferent signal to the CNS, then this triggers an efferent signal to release saliva
2. Higher order: thoughts/sights/smell triggers an afferent signal, parasympathetic (efferent): stimulates thin, watery saliva rich with enzymes (rest and digest) sympathetic (efferent): stimulates thick, mucous-rich saliva |
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Where do the primitive and higher order function controls occur?
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Primitive: medulla oblongata and pons
Higher order: cerebrum |
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Which types of digestion occur in the stomach?
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Mechanical digestion (grinding and pulverizing actions) and initial chemical digestion (protein and fat emulsification)
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What controls the movement of food into and out of the stomach?
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Sphincters
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What is rugae?
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Allows the mucosa and submucosa layers to expand
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Why would you want more muscles in the stomach?
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Improves mechanical digestion
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What are gastric pits, and where are they located?
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Gastric pits: small depressions located on the mucosa layer
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T/F Chyme enters the small intestine in a fast, but controlled manner.
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False. Slow manner
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What is the first part of the small intestine called, and what enters there?
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Duodenum, pancreatic juices enter here
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Why is the small intestine able to absorb many nutrients?
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It has a high surface area (villi and microvilli)
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Which layer is the villous on?
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Mucosa layer
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Besides microvilli and villi, what else does the mucosa layer have that helps in the absorption process?
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Intestinal crypts
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Which types of cells are contained in the intestinial crypts?
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1. absorptive cells and mucous-producing cells (goblet)
2. Enteroendocrine (EE) cells such as GIP (gastric inhibiting peptide), Secretin and CCK (stimulates the pancreas and liver) |
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What is the main function of the cells in the intestinal crypts?
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It is preparing the rest of the body for the rest of the digestive process
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