Digestive System, Part 1

Front 1

Digestive function

Back 1

Absorb nutrients

Front 2

Digestive Mechanism (7)

Back 2

1. Ingestion
2. Mechanical processing
3. Secretion
4. Digestion
5. Absorbtion
6. Excretion
7. Defense

Front 3

Mechanical Processing Mechanism

Back 3

Chewing, manipulating. Breaks food into smaller chunks

Front 4

Digestion Mechanism

Back 4

Chemical process. Breaks small chunks into molecules

Front 5

Defense Mechanism

Back 5

Mucus membranes
Stomach acid
Lymphatics

Front 6

Linings of Digestive Tract

Back 6

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Front 7

Mucosa

Back 7

Innermost layer. In contact with food. Epitheliat

Front 8

Submucosa layer

Back 8

Pretty vascular, has lymph nodules

Front 9

Muscularis layer

Back 9

Smooth muscle - mechanically manipulates food in lumen

Front 10

Serosa layer

Back 10

Irregular dense connective tissue. Sheath that surrounds intestines.

Front 11

Peristalsis

Back 11

Wave of coordinated muscular contractions that move food along digestive tract

Front 12

Pace Setter cells

Back 12

Hypopolarized; when stretched (when bolus passes) sets off Action Potential, wave of peristalsis

Front 13

Segmentation

Back 13

Uncoordinated contractions of smooth muscles of digestive system; mechanically mixes food, not move it

Front 14

Alimentary Canal

Back 14

same as Digestive system (means feeding canal).

Front 15

GI tract

Back 15

Technically means stomach through small intestine, but often taken to mean entire digestive system

Front 16

Accessory Glands

Back 16

Produces chemical, dumps it elsewhere. Food does not come in contact with gland

Front 17

Salivary Glands - 3

Back 17

1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sub lingual

Front 18

Saliva

Back 18

Salivary Amylase - breaks glucose off of starch chains

Front 19

Function of saliva - 4

Back 19

1. Breaks down carbohydrates
2. Lubricates lips, teeth, food - allows food to move down esophagus
3. Defense. Lysozymes break down bacteria. IgA recognizes oral bacteria.
4. Taste. Dissolves "taste" chemicals, brings to taste buds

Front 20

Tongue 3 functions

Back 20

1. Supports taste buds
2. Physically manipulates food
3. Identifies food based on temperature, texture, taste and touch

Front 21

Teeth function

Back 21

Mastication - chewing grinding. Increases surface area of food for easier digestion by enzymes

Front 22

Teeth types

Back 22

1. Incisor. Front: clipping/cutting vegetable
2. Canines/Cuspids. Side: slash/tearing meat
3. Molars. Back: grinding grains

Front 23

Teeth, one side

Back 23

1 central incisor
1 lateral incisor
1 canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
1st molar
2nd molar
3rd molar - wisdom tooth

Front 24

Pharynx

Back 24

Soft palate and uvula prevent food from entering nasal cavity

Front 25

Nasal pharangeal cells

Back 25

Simple squamous

Front 26

Oropharangeal cells

Back 26

Stratified squamous

Front 27

Laryngopharangeal cells

Back 27

?

Front 28

Bolus

Back 28

Mass of food, chewed up, with saliva

Front 29

Esophagus
1. function
2. length
3. location

Back 29

1. take food to stomach
2. 25- 30 cm long, muscular
3. In mediastinum. Passes through diaphragm at esophageal hiatus, ends at stomach.

Front 30

Stomach function - 4

Back 30

1. Temporary storage
2. Finishes mechanical processing of food
3. Major chemical processing begins.
4. Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor (required for absorbtion of Vitamin B12)

Front 31

Stomach description

Back 31

Holds 1.5 Liters
Rugae - folds in stomach
Bolus in stomach mixes with stomach acid (pH =1) and other gastric juices

Front 32

Chyme

Back 32

Mixture of food, stomach acids, gastric juices. Thick soupy mixture

Front 33

Stomach Walls - 3 muscle layers

Back 33

1. Longitudinal - lengthwise
2. Circular - around stomach
3. Oblique - angled to other two.
Very effective mixing of chyme

Front 34

Stomach parietal cells

Back 34

Secrete intrinsic factor and HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

Front 35

Stomach chief cells

Back 35

Secrete pepsinogen (inactive) until it hits stomach acid. Becomes pepsin, which breaks down proteins.

Front 36

Greater Omemtum

Back 36

Sheet of connective tissue. Connects at bottom of stomach, forms pouch, connects back to bottom of stomach

Front 37

Function of omemta

Back 37

1. Protects organs
2. Warms abdominal organs

Front 38

Lesser Omemtum

Back 38

Connects top of stomach to liver.

Front 39

Why no absorbtion in stomach?

Back 39

1. Food not completely digested
2. Very thick alkaline mucus membrane (protects from acid)
3. No transport mechanism from stomach
4. Lining of stomach impermeable to water

Front 40

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 40

Controls flow of chyme from stomach into small intestine. Allows time for gastric juices to buffer chyme.