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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
compound stomach functions to
act as a fermentation chamber where fodder is broken down into usable metabolites by symbiotic micro-organisms
glandular compartment of the compound stomach
rumen
reticulum
omasum
non-glandular compartment of the compound stomach
proventiculus
at birth the ____ chamber is the largest
abomasum
as an adult the ____chamber is the largest
rumen
reticulum description
lies largely on left side
is most cranial compartment
extends from cardia to most cranial part of diaphragm
ventrally extends across midline to lie above the xiphiod
esophagus empties into both reticulum and rumen at the cardia
reticulum features and function
sieve for coarse material
forceful contraction
fold form honeycomb structure
wide ruminoreticular orifce
medial walls form reticular groove
fine material goes to
omasum
coarse material goes to
rumen
cardia
slit like opening of the esophagus, positioned at the junction of the rumen and reticulum and opens into both chambers
ruminoreticular orifce
wide opening between the rumen and reticulum which communicates over the ruminoreticular fold
reticulo-omasal orifice
round exit into the omasum at the lower end of the reticular groove
reticuloar groove
on the medial wall
extends from cardia to reticulo-omasal orifce
mucosal surface lining it is pale and smooth
rumen description
fills left half of the abdominal cavity

extends across the midline especially caudally and ventrally
dorsal sac
can be palpated via rectum
dorsal sac is in direct contact with upper park of left flank- auscultation, palpation and access
rumen function
contractions mix ingesta
fermentation chamber
absorption of volatile fatty acids, sodium, water etc
papillae increase surface area, assist mixing and act as heating rods
rumination eructation
left side of ox
left side of ox
right side of ox
right side of ox
rumen papillae
mucosal projections covering the rumen surface
absorb fatty acid
vary in height according to age, location, diet
long/numerous- ventral and dorsal caudal blind sacs
fewer and less prominent in ventral sac
shorter or absent in roof of dorsal sac
rumen wall
rumen wall
omasum
lies mainly on the right of the midline
left side faces the rumen and reticulum
right side faces the liver and body wall
omasum function
absorption of fatty acids, water
transfer of ingesta to abomasum
sieve
omasum external features
spherical to ellpsiodal in shape
has greater and lesser curvatures
lower pole has extensive attachment to fundic region of the abomasum
much of the right surface is covered by lesser omentum
reticulo-omasal orifice
opening at the upper end of omasal canal
omaso-abomasal orifice
opening at the lower end of the omasal canal
is large and oval
partly obscured by the prolapses of the abomasal folds
omasal groove
runs between the two openings and is the floor of the omasal canal
mucosa is smooth except for a few longitudinal ridges
omasal laminae
many parallel folds of four different sizes
arise from the greater curvature and sides and project towards the lesser curvature
wall of omasum
wall of omasum
abomasum
glandular stomach
elongated and lies on the abdominal floor
proximal part lies between the central sac of the rumen and the reticlulm
caudal end flexed around the lower pole of the omasum
abomasum position varies with
age
pregnancy
fullness of different compartment
intrinsic abomasal activity
contraction of the rumen and reticulum
prone to dorso-lateral displacement
pylorus
opens into duodenum from abomasum
abomasum wall
mucosa- rich in glands (fundic, pyloric)
thick muscularis mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (smooth muscle)- thick inner circular layer, thinner out longitudinal layer
serosa
gastric groove
muscular folds roll into a tube when the young animal drinks milk
serves as a conduit for conveying milk from esophagus to abomasum
may be induced in adult
spiral folds
serve to increase surface area
in the region of the omasal-abomasal orifice these folds help produce a plug to limit reflux of ingesta into omasum.
torus
large swelling that projects from lesser curvature to narrow pyloric passage
reticular groove
cardia to reticulo-omasal orifice
bounded by 2 prominent muscular folds
omasal groove
reticulo-omasal orifice to omaso-abomasal orifice
abomasal groove
area with gastric glands
nerve supply to compound stomach
branches from dorsal and ventral trunks of the vegus nerve
blood supply to compound stomach
branches of the celiac artery
veins drain into the portal vein
small ruminant comparative anatomy reticlum
relatively larger
small ruminant comparative anatomy ventral sac of the rumen
relatively larger
small ruminant comparative anatomy caudoventral blind sac
extends more caudally than the dorsal
small ruminant comparative anatomy omasum
smallest compartment
small ruminant comparative anatomy abomasum
relatively larger