Digestive System / Chapter 17

Front 1

aliments - food
cari - decay
cec - blindness
chym - juice
decidu - falling off
frenul - bridle
gastr - stomach

Back 1

hepat - liver
hiat - opening
lingu - tongue
peri - around
pyl - gatekeeper
rect - straight
sorpt - to soak up
vill - hairy

Front 2

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb

Back 2

Digestion

Front 3

Muscular tube that passes through the body's thoracic & abdominopelvic cavaties

Back 3

Alimentary Canal

Front 4

Functions of the digestive system

Back 4

Ingestion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion

Front 5

Layers of the Alimentary Wall

Back 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular Layer
Serosa

Front 6

Movements of the Alimentary tube

Back 6

Mixing
Peristalsis
Segmentation

Front 7

Mixing in the Alimentary tube

Back 7

Smooth muscles in small segments of the tube contract rhythmically

Front 8

Peristalsis in Alimentary tube

Back 8

Muscle contraction to push food to stomach.
Rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in wall

Front 9

Segmentation in Alimentary tube

Back 9

Alternating contraction and relaxation of circular muscle fibers that propel chyme through intestines

Front 10

Innervation of the Alimentary Canal

Back 10

Nerve fibers, mainly associate w/muscular layer, maintain muscle tone, regulate strength, rate & velocity of muscle contractions

Front 11

Submucosal Plexus

Back 11

Controls gastrointestinal secretions

Front 12

Myenteric Plexus

Back 12

Controls gastroin testinal motility

Front 13

Parasympathetic impulses

Back 13

Increase activities of digestive system

Front 14

Sympathetic impulses

Back 14

Inhibit certain digestive actions

Front 15

Teeth

Back 15

Hardest structure in the body
8 incisors
4 cuspids (canine)
8 molars

Front 16

Incisors (4)

Back 16

Bite off large pieces of food

Front 17

Cuspids / Canine (4)

Back 17

Grasp & tear food

Front 18

Molars (8)

Back 18

Grind food particles

Front 19

Two types of secretory cells of salivary glands

Back 19

Serous cells
Mucous cells

Front 20

Major Salivary Glands/Secretions

Back 20

Parotid Glands - Clear, water, serous fluid, rich in amylase
Submandibular Glands - Primarily serous fluid, some mucous
Sublingual Glands - Primarily mucous, most viscous

Front 21

Receives food from the esophagus, mixes food w/gastric juices, begins protein digestion, limited absorption, moves food into small intestine

Back 21

Stomach

Front 22

Regions of the Stomach

Back 22

Cardiac - sml area near esophageal opening
Fundic - Temporary storage area
Body - Main part of stomach
Pyloric - Approaches small intestines

Front 23

Pancreas

Back 23

Produces pancreatic juice secreted into pancreatic duct.
Pancreatic duct leads to the duodenum

Front 24

Pancreatic Juice

Back 24

Pancreatic amylase - carb digesting enzyme.
Pancreatic Lipase - Fat digesting enzyme
Trypsin/Chymotrypsin/Carboxypeptidase - Protein splitting enzymes
Nucleases - Digest nucleic acids

Front 25

High concentration of bicarbonate ions makes pancreatic juice...

Back 25

Alkaline

Front 26

Duodenum

Back 26

First portion of the small intestine that leads from to the jejunum

Front 27

Intrinsic Factor

Back 27

Substance that gastric glands produce to promote absorption of Vitamin B-12

Front 28

Secretin

Back 28

Hormone from the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice. (Release during cephalic & gastric phases of gastric secretion)

Front 29

Yellowish - green liquid that hepatic cells continuously secrete

Back 29

Bile

Front 30

Chylomicron

Back 30

Microscopic droplet of fat in the blood that forms following fat digestion

Front 31

Failure of the stomach muscle to relax at some junction in the digestive tube, ie between the esophagus and stomach

Back 31

Achalasia

Front 32

Inability to swallow

Back 32

Aphagia

Front 33

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Back 33

Cholecystitis

Front 34

Stones in the gallbladder

Back 34

Cholelithiasis

Front 35

Inflammation of small pouches (diverticula) that form in the lining and wall of colon

Back 35

Diverticulitis

Front 36

Intestinal infection, caused by viruses, bacteria or protozoans, that cause diarrhea and cramps

Back 36

Dysentery

Front 37

Indigestion, difficulty in digesting a meal

Back 37

Dyspepsia

Front 38

Difficulty in swallowing

Back 38

Dysphagia

Front 39

Inflammation of the intestine

Back 39

Enteritis

Front 40

Inflammation of the pharynx

Back 40

Pharyngitis

Front 41

Enterogastric Reflex

Back 41

Regulates the rate at which chyme leaves the stomach

Front 42

Splits glygocen into disaccharieds

Back 42

Pancreatic Amylase

Front 43

Breaks down triglycerides

Back 43

Pancreate Lipase

Front 44

Digest proteins

Back 44

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase

Front 45

Digest nucleic acids

Back 45

Nucleases

Front 46

What makes pancreatic juice alkaline?

Back 46

Bicarbonate ions

Front 47

Fatty chyme entering duodenum stimulate gallbladder to release

Back 47

bile

Front 48

Hepatitis

Back 48

Inflammation of the liver

Front 49

Hepatitis A

Back 49

Not washing hands or eating raw shellfish

Front 50

Hepatitis B

Back 50

Chronic; serum

Front 51

Hepatitis C

Back 51

Serum

Front 52

Hepatitis D

Back 52

Very Severe; only produces symptoms if infected w/ B; serum

Front 53

Hepatitis E, F, G

Back 53

More Rare

Front 54

Hiatus

Back 54

Opening

Front 55

Chylomicron

Back 55

Microscopic droplet of fat in the blood that forms following fat digestion.

Front 56

Pathway of Chylomicron to the bloodstream

Back 56

Pathway to bloodstream starts at lacteals and empties into cysterna chyli

Front 57

Hormone from the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice

Back 57

Secretin

Front 58

When is Secretin released?

Back 58

When acidic chyme enters the duodenum.