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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the usable portions of food?
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Nutrients
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How does food serve the body?
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Provide energy with calories
Provide substances needed for growth, maintenance, repair |
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What are the 4 basic food groups?
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Milk
Meat and protein Fruit and vegetable Grains, cereal, pasta, bread |
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What is the amount of energy that can be obtained from nutrients measured in units called?
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Calories
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What is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius?
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Calorie
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How many calories are in 100 grams of lettuce?
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20 Calories
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How man calories are in 100 grams of peanuts?
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650 Calories
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What does the body need calories for?
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Energy
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What are the 6 types of nutrients needed by the body?
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Proteins
Vitamins Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Water |
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What nutrient is used to build and repair body parts?
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Proteins
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What are proteins made up?
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Amino acids
(building blocks or protein) |
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How many amino acids are in the body?
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20
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The body can make how many amino acids?
Where do the rest come from? |
Body makes = 12
Get from diet = 8 |
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The 8 amino acids we get from food are called?
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Essential amino acids
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List 5 complete proteins
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Red meat
Fish Poultry Dairy products Eggs |
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Incomplete amino acids are missing an essential amino acid. List 3 incomplete amino acids
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Rice, cereal, vegetables
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What nutrient provides energy?
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Carbohydrates
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What foods have carbdhydrates?
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Vegetables and grains
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List 2 types of carbohydrates
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Starches and sugars
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Where does the body store excess carbohydrates?
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Muscles and liver as fat.
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Too much carbohydrates causes what?
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Weight gain
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What nutrient insulates the body against heat loss and helps support and cushion vital organs?
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Fat
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List 3 sources of fat
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Nuts, butter, cheeses
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What nutrients help regulate the growth and normal functioning of the body?
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Vitamins
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Vitamins are micronutrients which means what?
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We need only a small amount of vitamins
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List 2 kinds of vitamins
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Fat soluble
Water Soluble |
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Where are fat soluble vitamins stored and which ones are they?
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Stored in fat
A D E K |
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Where are water soluble vitamins stored and which ones are they?
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Water soluble can not be stored at all and must be eaten every day to replace.
C, B complex (B1,2,6, 12) |
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What mineral helps keep the body functioning normally?
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Minerals
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List 2 important minerals.
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Iron and calcium
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What mineral is an important part of red blood cells. The hemoglobin carries oxygen.
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Iron
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What mineral is an important part of teeth and bones?
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Calcium
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What nutrient helps chemical reactions take place in the body?
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Water
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What nutrient carries substances to and from organs in the bloodstream?
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Water
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What is the proper body temperature
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37 C
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How much of the body is water?
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55-75%
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How much water does a person need a day?
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2/4 - 2.8 liters
(10-12 8oz glasses) |
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What are the 4 flavors the tongue can sense?
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Sweet
Sour Salty Bitter |
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Food must be broken down into nutrients by a process called?
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Digestion
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What does the digestive system do?
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Breaks down food into simpler substances for use by the body
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Nutrients provide what?
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Energy
Growth Repair |
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What is the main path that food takes in the DIGESTION OF FOOD?
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Mouth
Esophagus Stomach Small intesting |
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What is the main path that food takes in the ABSORPTION OF FOOD?
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Villi
Large intestine Solid waste to rectum and out anus |
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What helps moisten food and contains a chemical substance called ptyalin?
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Saliva
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What chemical substance breaks down some of the starches into sugar?
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Ptyalin
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What is the breaking down of food into simpler substances through chemical processes?
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Chemical digestion
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What is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces through mechanical means?
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Mechanical digestion
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What are the front teeth called that bite into food and push into mouth?
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Incisors
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What teeth shred and tear food and what teeth grind and crush?
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Canines (eyeteeth) tear and shred
Pre-molars and Molars grind and crush |
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What is the small flap of tissue that automatically closes over the windpipe when you swallow?
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Epiglottis
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What is the J shaped organ of the digestive system?
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Stomach
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What is the wave of rhythmic muscle contractions that force food down the esophagus?
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Perstalsis
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What fluid is released in the stomach to churn the food?
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Gastric juice
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Gastric juice contains what?
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Pepsin
Hydrochloric acid |
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What does Pepsin do?
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Begins digestion
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What does hydrochloric acid do?
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Breaks down some of the complex proteins in food into simpler proteins.
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How long does food stay in the stomach?
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3-6 hours
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Where does food go after the stomach?
How big is this organ? |
Small intesting
2.5 cm in diameter and 6 meters long |
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What 2 organs act as digestive helpers?
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Liver and Pancreas
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What is the body's largest and heaviest organ?
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Liver
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What substance does the liver produce?
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Bile
(bile is not an enzyme and does not chemically digest food) |
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Where is bile stored?
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Gallbladder
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What does bile do?
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Helps break up large fat particles into smaller ones.
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What is the soft, triangular organ located between the stomach and small intestine?
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Pancreas
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What does the pancreas produce?
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Pancreatic juice which is a mixture a several enzymes
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What do the panreatic enzymes do?
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Break down proteins, starches, fats
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What are the small, fingerlike structures that absorb digested food in the small intestine?
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Villi
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Undigested food leaves the small intestines and enters what?
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Large intestine
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What is shaped like a horseshoe and fits over the coils of the small intestine?
How big is it? |
Large intestine
6.5 cm in diameter and 1.5 meters long |
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In the large intestine bacteria makes what vitamins?
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Vitamin K and 2 B vitamins
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Where is most water in food absorbed?
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Large intestine
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What happen to materials that are not absorbed in the large intestine?
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Become solid waste
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What part of the digestive system stores solid waste?
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Rectum
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Solid wastes are eliminated through an opening called?
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Anus
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Starches and sugars are what kind of nutrient?
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Carbohydrates
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Does exercise require more or less calories?
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More, because when you exercise, you burn calories and you need to replace these calories for energy
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Which nutrient prevents vitamin-deficiency diseases?
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Vitamins
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Why does the body need water?
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For chemical reactions
To carry nutrients around body Maintain proper temperature of 37 C |
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Why does the body need calories?
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Energy
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Iron compounds are important components of a good diet and are needed for the formation of what?
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Hemoglobin
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Would bread or candy give energy faster?
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Candy is higher in sugar than bread
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Which vitamin in needed for proper vision?
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Vitamin A
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Which vitamin is important for blood clotting?
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Vitamin K
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Which vitamin is important for strong blood vessels?
What foods have it? |
Vitamin C
Citrus, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables |
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What minerals are needed for nerve and muscle function?
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Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium
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Why are the liver and pancreas called digestive helpers?
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They do not digest food but produce substances to help break down food for digestion
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Where does chemical digestion take place?
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In the mouth - saliva contains ptyalin
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Where does mechanical digestion take place?
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In the mouth - teeth
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How can antibiotics affect the digestive system?
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Helpful bacteria in the large intestine are destroyed and the bodys supply of Vit K and B would be used up
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