Digestive / Nutrition

Front 1

Digestion System Function

Back 1

--Digestion

--Absorption

--Elimination

Front 2

Digestive Enzymes Types

Back 2

--Protease - helps digest proteins

--Amylase - helps digest carbohydrates

--Lipase - helps digest fats

Front 3

Digestive Tract Wall Layers

Back 3

--Serosa - outermost

--Muscular Layer - between serosa & submucosa

--Submucosa - 2nd innermost layer

--Mucosa - innermost layer

Front 4

Mouth

Back 4

Oral cavity that begins in mouth w/ mastication (chewing). Saliva & mastication forms food into bolus (ball) for swallowing. Salivary glands secrete saliva into mouth.

--pulp cavity - contains nerves & vessels

Front 5

Salivary Gland Types

Back 5

--parotid gland

--Sublingual gland

--submandibular gland

Front 6

Pharynx

Back 6

connects mouth to esophagus

Front 7

Esophagus

Back 7

Starts at pharynx and ends at the stomach

Front 8

Stomach

Back 8

--made up of the body, pylorus and fundus

Front 9

Fundus

Back 9

Upper rounded portion of stomach which can store undigested food up to an hour. May prevent diaphragm from moving downward after overeating.

Front 10

Small Intestine

Back 10

--Duodenum - 1st 12 inches

--Jejunum - next 8 feet

--Ileum - last 12 feet

**Don't Jump In!!

--Chyme moves into small intestine from stomach through pylorus.

Front 11

Large Intestine Function

Back 11

Complete digestion and absorption. Absorb water, salts and some vitamins

Front 12

Order of Digestion

Back 12

1. Cecum // 2. Ascending colon

3. Transverse Colon // 4. Descending Colon

5. Sigmoid Colon

Front 13

Digestion Accessory Organs

Back 13

--Salivary glands

--Liver

--Gallbladder

--Pancreas

Front 14

Liver

Back 14

--Produces bile, Fibrinogen and prothrombin, Heparin, Glucose

--Stores Iron, vitamins B12, A, D, E, K (fat soluble vitamins can be overdosed)

Front 15

Gallbladder

Back 15

Membranous sac in which bile is stored and concentrated

Front 16

Gallbladder Ducts

Back 16

--Cystic Duct - drains gallbladder

--Common bile duct - drains to sm. intestines

--Hepatic Duct - drains FROM liver

Front 17

Pancreas

Back 17

situated behind the stomach and secretes pancreatic juice into sm. intestine producing digestive enzymes that secrete insulin and glucagon hormones

Front 18

Digestive System Disorders

Back 18

--Colorectal Cancer / Crohn's Disease

--Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis

--Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

--Pyloric Stenosis

Front 19

Colorectal Cancer

Back 19

When part of the colon is removed, the remaining colon is brought to the surface of the abdomen so stool comes out of a stoma (colostomy) into an attached receptacle instead of through the rectum

Front 20

Crohn's Disease

Back 20

Chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines that is not contagious, and exact cause is unknown with no known cure. Believed to have a genetic component.

Front 21

Diverticulosis

Back 21

condition of having diverticula, small pouches or sacs in the wall of the colon, most often without symptoms

Front 22

Diverticulitis

Back 22

Inflammation or infection of the diverticula with pain, fever, chills and cramping.

Front 23

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Back 23

occurs when cardiac sphincter (connecting the inferior esophagus to the superior portion of the stomach) does not close tightly, or reflexes inappropriately allowing gastric fluids and stomach contents to back up into the esophagus (reflux)

Front 24

Pyloric Stenosis

Back 24

Condition that develops in some infants when pylorus gradually swells & thickens, interfering with flow of food into intestine occurring anytime between birth - 6months but most often 3 weeks after birth. Main symptom is repeated vomiting after feeding. Treatment is always with surgery (pyloromyotomy)

Front 25

Registered Dietician

Back 25

provide patient with information about nutrition and to create diet plans that help treat and prevent disease. To obtain their RD credential they must complete and pass Commission of Dietetic Registration Test.

Front 26

Medical Assistant Role in Nutrition

Back 26

--Provide pt education and materials

--Assist in researching/creating education programs & materials

--Complete referrals and preauthorization w/ ins companies

--Support and encourage pt as they start dietary changes and promote importance of following through with appointments

Front 27

Metabolism

Back 27

Specific enzymes are required to maintain metabolism to include amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and essential trace minerals. Metabolism within cells produces energy. 25% is used for normal functions (respirations, digestion, etc) and 75% of energy becomes HEAT.

Front 28

Carbohydrates

Back 28

Main source of energy from foods we consume. Cars are sugars (simple carbs), starches (complex carbs) and fiber (cellulose) which are found in plants. Carbs are stored in body in form of glycogen

Front 29

Proteins

Back 29

"building blocks" of body because they form the base of every living cell by breaking down proteins into amino acids

Front 30

Fats

Back 30

(lipids) fatty acids which do not dissolve in water. Fats provide assistance in transportation of soluble fat vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Front 31

Water

Back 31

Male body has higher water composition than female because of the greater amount of muscle mass and tissue. Female body contains greater % fo fat than in the male body.

Front 32

Vitamins

Back 32

--Two main Classifications of vitamins are fat soluble (A, D, E, & K) and water Soluble (B and C).

--Liver stores the fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, & K

Front 33

Minerals

Back 33

Inorganic elements that are neither animal or plant in origin and are found throughout body but mainly in bones and teeth. They assist with functions of the enzymes and only very small amounts are needed. They do not supply calories or energy, but are necessary for the body.

Front 34

Calculating Body Mass Index

Back 34

--Pt Height in meters & Pt Weight in kilograms

--BMI=Weight(kg) / Height squared (meters)

--BMI = Wgt(lbs) / Hgt squared (inches) X 703