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25 Cards in this Set

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Why does food need to go through the digestive system?

To get to the blood.

Which molecules of food can pass through the digestive system? (Give examples)

Small enough and soluble molecules of food like vitamins, minerals and water.

Which molecules of food can’t pass through the digestive system? (Give examples)

Other large and insoluble molecules of food like starch, proteins and fats.

How can large molecules of food be absorbed into the blood?


By being digested to small and soluble molecules first.

What are the functions of the digestive system?

They digest large and insoluble molecules to small soluble ones with enzymes and absorb the small soluble molecules into the blood.

What are the stages of digestion?

What are digestive enzymes?

Enzymes speed the process of breaking down large insoluble molecules to small, soluble molecules to fit through the semi-permeable wall of the small intestines


. Every enzyme is specific to only one food group.

Explain the digestive enzyme, product and purpose of starch.

Carbohydrase, glucose, provides energy.

Explain the digestive enzyme, product and purpose of proteins.

Protease, amino acids, making proteins for growth and repair.

Explain the digestive enzyme, product and purpose of fats.

Lipase, fatty acids and glycerol, provide energy.

Name the food molecules and products above.

Label this diagram of the digestive system.

What’s the role of the mouth?

Adds saliva and breaks foods into small pieces.

What’s the role of the oesophagus?

Connects mouth and stomach and squeezes food toward the stomach.

What’s the role of the pancreas?

Makes digestive enzymes and releases into the small intestines when needed.

What’s the role of the large intestine?

Water passes through its walls into the blood. Undigested food passes through this tube.

What’s the role of the small intestine?

Processes nutrients, allow nutrients to pass through walls into the blood. Contains digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.

What’s the role of the liver?

Makes bile.

What is bile?

IT’S NOT AN ENZYME!! Produced in liver and stored in gall bladder. It emulsifies fats which means breaking down large droplets of fat to smaller droplets (physical not chemical change). This increases the surface area of the fats for the enzyme lipase to work on. It also increases the pH of the small intestine to the optimum for lipase activity.

Speeds up the rate of reaction of any investigation using lipase.

What’s the role of the gall bladder?

Stores bile made by the


liver. Secretes bile into small intestine.

What is the food test for protein?

Biuret solution 5-6 drops - turns from blue to lilac.

What is the food test for starch (carbohydrates)?

Iodine solution 3-4 drops - turns from orange/brown to blue/black.

What is the food test for sugar (glucose)?

Benedict’s reagent 6-8 drops and heat in a water bath - turns from blue to yellow to orange to brick red.

Learn this.

...

Label this diagram of a model gut.