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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does saliva do?
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lubricates, moisturizes, buffers
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do carnivores have amylase in their saliva?
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no amylase
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do omnivores have amylase in their saliva?
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yes, they have amylase
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what does amylase do?
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breaks starches down to maltose
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where is mucus secreted in the GI tract?
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all along the GI tract
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what does the mucus do?
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protects lining of stomach
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what produces mucus?
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goblet cells
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mucus
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protects stomach lining from self digestion
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HCl
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pH of the stomach is acidic (1.8-4)
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pepsinogen (not activated)
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precursor to pepsin(makes pepsin)(activated)
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pepsin
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proteolytic enzyme
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gastrin
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release triggered by parasympathetic stimulation hormone
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g cells
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gastrin cells
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what is secreted when food is in the stomach?
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g cells
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what does gastrin stimulate?
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pepsinogen and HCl production
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when pH drops below 2 in the stomach what happens?
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HCl production is inhibited
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the duodenum is stimulated when?
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acidic, fatty or hypertonic solutions enter from the pyloris
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duodenum secretes?
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cholecystokinin and secretin
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secretin
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circulate to stomach via blood stream, inhibit HCl production
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cholecystokinin
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inhibit HCl production
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intrinsic factor
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binds with vitamin B12 helps absorption in ileum
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enzyme that is only present in young ruminant abomasum
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rennin
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what does rennin do?
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clots (coagulates) milk which slows down passage of milk in the abomasum to allow for more complete gastric digestion
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what enters the duodenum via pancreatic, common bile duct?
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exocrine secretions
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what are 4 pancreatic secretions?
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1. buffers 2. proteolytic enzymes 3. pancreatic lipase 4. pancreatic amylase |
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what do bile and pancreatic secretions contain?
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bicarbonate and other buffers
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what do pancreatic buffers do when it enters the small intestines?
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raises pH of chyme
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what is the pH of the small intestines?
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about 8
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small intestinal, pancreatic enzymes need what to work?
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higher pH
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enterokinase is secreted by?
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intestinal epithelium
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trypsin activates?
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all other proteases
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enterokinase activates?
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trypsinogen
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trypsinogen activates?
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trypsin
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what are the proteases secreted by the pancreas?
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1. trypsinogen 2. chymotrypsinogen 3. elastase 4. carboxypeptidases A & B |
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what breaks down triglycerides (neutral fats) into a form that can be absorbed?
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pancreatic lipase
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neutral fats
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triglycerides
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where does pancreatic lipase work?
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in the intestinal lumen
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what activates pancreatic lipase?
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bile salts
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pancreatic amylase digestion occurs in the?
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intestinal lumen (amylase)
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what hydrolyzes starch to maltose?
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pancreatic amylase
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what does bile contain?
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salts, cholesterol, lecithin, electrolytes
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what raises pH in duodenum?
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bicarbonate and other buffers in bile and pancreatic secretions
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what emulsifies fat?
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bile salts and lecithin
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what forms tiny droplets of fat that are soluble
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fat emulsification
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what activates pancreatic lipase?
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bile salts
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