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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Process by which the molecules of a substance transfer through a layer such as the surface of a solution
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Diffusion
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Rate of diffusion of a substance across a unit area(membrane or surface) is proportional to the concentration gradient
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Fick's Law
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What three factors affect diffusion?
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1. solubility
2.Molecular size 3. Gases > liquids |
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Rate of diffusion of gases through certain membranes are inversely proportional to the sq rt of their molar masses. (increased size of molecule= decreased rate of diffusion)
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Graham's Law
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Amount of Gas crossing a membrane limited to properties of the membrane and not blood flow...
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Diffusion Limited or permeability limited
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What diseases alter Diffusion Capacity?
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Diseases that cause thickening of the surface exchange area of the lung membrane;
ex: Pulm fibrosis, sarcoidosis, asbestoses emphysema |
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Diffusion is limited by the ability of the blood flow to carry a gas away to maintain a gradient?
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Perfusion Limited :
ex: Pulmonary embolism |
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What is DLCO (Diffusion Capacity of the Lung test)?
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The rate at which a gas enters the blood divided by it's driving pressure. (Carbon Monoxide test) Nml: 80%
<50% is considered ominous |
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The amount of pressure from some opposing force that would be needed to stop the osmosis generated by a given osmotic gradient.
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Osmotic pressure
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a solute that cannot pass through a semipermeable membrane
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osmotically active solute
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the boundary between two adjacent regions of differing solute concentration
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Osmotic Gradient-
(the larger the gradient the larger the larger the osmotic force pulling) |
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-6.02 x 10(23rd)molecules
-exerts one atm at 273K -22.4 lliters at STP |
one mole
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Molar Mass?
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the atomic weight total of each compound expressed in grams
(ex- the molar mass of glucose...C6H12O6- = 180 grams) |
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If we decrease the volume of a solvent in half, we double the pressure of the solvent(osmotic pressure)
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Boyles Law (of osmosis)
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The basic mechanism that governs the movement of water in the body.
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Osmosis
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The law of osmosis that each particle exerts it's own osmotic pressure independently of each other, and the total osmotic pressure is the sum of the individual pressures.
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Dalton's Law
(ex- Lactated Ringers) |
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The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
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Molarity
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The number of moes of solute per kilogram of pure solvent.
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Molality
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the weight in milligrams, representing 10(-3) mole or 6.02x10(20) atoms or molecules
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one millimole (mmole)
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the weight in micrograms, representing 10(-6) or 6.02x10(17) atomes or molecules
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one micromole (mcgmole)
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The number of particles(ions or molecules) in a solution that create the osmotic pressure.
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Osmoles
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The particle count concentration of osmotically active solutes (per kilogram)
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Osmolality
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the particle count concentration of osmotically active solutes per liter
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osmolarity
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The movement of water in the bodyrelative to it's osmotic pressure of the solution to the body fluids.
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Tonicity
(isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) |
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Normal osmolality of the blood
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280-290 milliosmoles
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The osmotic pressure exerted by large colloid molecules in the intravascular space,
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Oncotic pressure (or Colloid Osmotic Pressure)
(ex--Plasma proteins) |
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The osmotic pressure that pushes a fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces around the body cells
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Hydrostatic pressure.
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In the capillaries where Hydrostatic pressure is higher than the oncotic pressure, resulting in fluid moving out of the vasculature.
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the Arterial end of the capillary.
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How do we calculate plasma osmolality?
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(Nax2) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)
(Na+ is the main ion in this formula-- we can estimate the osmolality by looking at the sodium) |
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What is the Osmole Gap?
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the discrepency b/t measured and calculated osmolality. (happens with a high concentration of an abnormal osmotically active molecule in the plasma such as ethanol, mannitol, glycine from a turp)
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