Diffusion

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diffusion

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when a solute moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration (down its concentration gradient)

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diffusion is a :

Back 2

passive process does not require input of energy

Front 3

driving force for passive transport is the random collisions or

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kinetic energy

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simple diffusion

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molecules such as water, oxygen and steroid hormones are able to freely cross the membrane

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facilitated diffusion

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molecules such as ions glucose and amino acids aren't able to independently diffuse across the membrane-- use an assistance of channel or transport proteins to cross the cell membrane

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unequal distribution of solute molecules

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solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed

Front 7

unequal distribution of solute molecules

Back 7

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed

Front 8

areas of high concentraition

Back 8

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another

Front 9

unequal distribution of solute molecules

Back 9

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed

Front 10

areas of high concentraition

Back 10

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another

Front 11

area of low concentration

Back 11

few solute molecules; plenty of room for molecules to move from high concentration to low concentration

Front 12

unequal distribution of solute molecules

Back 12

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another; collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed

Front 13

areas of high concentraition

Back 13

solute particles are close together; frequently collide with one another

Front 14

area of low concentration

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few solute molecules; plenty of room for molecules to move from high concentration to low concentration

Front 15

equal distribution of solute molecules

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after time and many collisions solute molecules have spread evenly throughout solution

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osmosis

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for it to occur, there must be a selectively permeable membrane that is passable to solvent(water) but impassable to solute

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in osmosis water is freely passable and will diffuse from the side with:

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lower concentration(hypotonic solution) to higher concentration(hypertonic solution) in an attempt to reach an equilibrium by dilutiing the hypertonic solution

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isotonic

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equal concentrations on either side of membrane; no further net movement from one side of membrane to the other; however since molecules of solute and solvent are always in motion water will continue to cross the membrane, but there is no net change in concentration

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isotonic

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equal concentrations on either side of membrane; no further net movement from one side of membrane to the other; however since molecules of solute and solvent are always in motion water will continue to cross the membrane, but there is no net change in concentration

Front 20

osmosis(easy thumb rule)

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water will always move from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution in attempt to make both solutions isotonic

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hypotonic

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lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side

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hypotonic

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lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side

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hypertonic

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named for higher solute concentration; hyper-greater than; lower water(solute) concentration; net movement of water is toward this side

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hypotonic

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lower solute concentration; hypo-less than; higher water(solvent) concentration; net movement of water is out of this side

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hypertonic

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named for higher solute concentration; hyper-greater than; lower water(solute) concentration; net movement of water is toward this side

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selectively permeable membrane

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water, the solvent can freely pass through; solute molecules cannot

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with time, water moves down concentration gradient

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from hypotonic solution toward hypertonic solution goal is to reach equilibrium

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isotonic solution

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iso means the same; equal solute and solvent concentrations on both sides of the selectively permeable membrane; water molecules continue to pass the membrane, but no further net movement

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osmotic pressure

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the pressure generated within a cell as water presses against the plasma membrane

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isotonic solution (RBC)

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equal solute concentration on both sides of membrane; no net concentration gradient; no net movement of water; no change in RBC shape

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hypotonic solution (RBC)

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smaller solute concentration outside membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water into RBC; RBC cells swell and may lyse

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hypotonic solution (RBC)

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smaller solute concentration outside membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water into RBC; RBC cells swell and may lyse

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hypertonic solution(RBC)

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greater solute concentration outside of membrane; concentration gradient exists; net flow of water out of RBC; RBC crenates