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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morbilliform
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-resembling the eruption of measles
-can be an adverse reaction from phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek) |
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Teratogenesis
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-production of development malformations
-can be an adverse reaction to phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek), warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) |
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Ataxia
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-inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorder
-staggering gait |
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Nystagmus
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-rapid eye movement back and forth
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Cardiac Output formula
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stroke volume (blood in each systole) x rate (bpm)
In the resting adult, the heart normally pumped 4-6 L of blood per minute throughout the body. |
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Pyrosis
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heartburn
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Nine Abdominal Regions
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Center: Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric
Sides: Hypochondriac, Lumbar, Iliac |
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What is in the RUQ?
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Right Upper Quadrant:
-liver -gallbladder -duodenum -head of pancreas -right kidney and adrenal -hepatic flexure of colon -part of ascending and transverse colon |
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What is in the LUQ?
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Left Upper Quadrant:
-stomach -spleen -left lobe of liver -body of pancreas -left kidney and adrenal -splenic flexure of colon -part of transverse and descending colon |
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What is in the RLQ?
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Right Lower Quadrant:
-cecum -appendix -right ovary and tube -right ureter -right spermatic cord |
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What is in the LLQ?
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Left Lower Quadrant:
-part of descending colon -sigmoid colon -left ovary and tube -left ureter -left spermatic cord |
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Eructation
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belching
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Scaphoid
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Characterized by concavity (i.e., scaphoid abdomen that caves in)
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Borborygmus
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A rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestine; stomach growling.
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Ascites
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Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen—called also hydroperitoneum.
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Meconium
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A dark greenish mass of desquamated cells, mucus, and bile that accumulates in the bowel of a fetus and is typically discharged shortly after birth
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Flatus
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Gas generated in the stomach or bowels
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Melena
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The passage of dark tarry stools containing decomposing blood that is usually an indication of bleeding in the upper part of the alimentary canal and especially the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
Melena describes darkening of the feces caused by the digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Hematochezia
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The passage of blood in the feces.
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Subluxation
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Two bones in a joint stay in contact but their alignment is off.
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Contracture
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Shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM or joint.
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Thenar eminence
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The ball of the thumb
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Hirsutism
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Abnormal growth of hair on a person's face and body, esp. on a woman
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Enuresis
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Involuntary urination, esp. by children at night.
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Third spacing
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The physiological phenomenon in which body fluid accumulates in the "third space." These conditions include ascities, pleural effusion, peritonitis, and pyometritis.
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parturition
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the action of giving birth to young; childbirth
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Paresthesia
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An abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.
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Prandial, Pre-Prandial, Post-Prandial
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Prandial = meals, lunch, dinner
Pre-Prandial = AC (before meals) Post-Prandial = PC (after meals) |
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Specific gravity
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The weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with an equal volume of water.
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Afebrile
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Not feverish.
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Specimen "hat"
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A specimen hat is used when all urine needs to be measured. A midstream urine specimen is obtained in a sterile specimen container. A specimen "hat" is not sterile.
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Sanguineous
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fresh bleeding (in a wound)
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Serosanguineous
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pale, more watery drainage than sanguineous drainage (from a wound)
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Serous
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clear, watery plasma (discharge from a wound)
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Purulent
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thick, yellow, green, or brown drainage (from a wound)
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dysthymia
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persistent mild depression.
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coprolalia
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the involuntary and repetitive use of obscene language, as a symptom of mental illness or organic brain disease.
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palilalia
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repeating one's own sounds or words
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echolalia
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repeating what others say
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enuresis
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involuntary urination, esp. by children at night
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How much should an adult normally drink a day?
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1100-1400 mL of fluid daily
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cathartic
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aka laxative, a purgative drug that softens the stool and promote peristalsis
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gavage
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the administration of food or drugs by force, esp. to an animal, typically through a tube leading down the throat to the stomach
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hyperemia
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redness
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blanching hyperemia
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Pressing a finger over a pressure sore, if it blanches (turns lighter in color) and the erythema returns when you remove your finger, the hyperemia is transient and is an attempt to overcome the ischemic episode.
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blanching
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Occurs when the normal red tones of the light-skinned patient are absent.
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shear force
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The sliding movement of skin and subcutaneous tissue while underlying muscle and bone are stationary.
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granulation tissue
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Red, moist tissue composed of new blood vessels, the presence of which indicates progression toward healing a pressure ulcer.
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eschar
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Black or brown tissue, which needs to be removed from a wound before healing can occur.
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slough
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The string substance attached to a wound bed with yellow or white tissue and it must be removed by a skilled clinician before the wound is able to heal.
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dehiscence
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Dehiscence is the partial or total separation of wound layers (i.e., skin and tissue). A patient who is at risk for poor wound healing (e.g., poor nutritional status, infection, obesity) is at risk for dehiscence. However, obese patients have a higher risk because of the constant strain placed on their wounds and the poor healing qualities of fat tissue.
Dehiscence often occurs with abdominal surgical wounds after a sudden strain, such as coughing, vomiting, or sitting up in bed. Patients often report feeling as though something has popped. When there is an increase in serosanguineous drainage from a wound, the nurse should be alert for the potential for dehiscence. To prevent dehiscence, place a folded thin blanket or pillow over an abdominal wound when the patient is coughing. This provides a splint to the area, supporting the healing tissue when coughing increases the intra-abdominal pressure. |
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evisceration
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Protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening
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aphonia
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loss of ability to speak through disease of or damage to the larynx or mouth; not the same as aphasia
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anosmia
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The loss of the sense of smell, either total or partial. It may be caused by head injury, infection, or blockage of the nose.
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pseudocyesis
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false pregnancy
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fistula
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A fistula is an abnormal passage between two organs or between an organ and the outside of the body. Most fistulas form as a result of poor wound healing or as a complication of disease. Trauma, infection, radiation exposure, and diseases such as cancer can prevent tissue layers from closing properly and allow the fistula tract to form. Fistulas increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances from fluid loss. Chronic drainage of fluids through a fistula can also predispose a person to skin breakdown.
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micturate (or micturition)
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to urinate
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vesicoureteral reflux
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Abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract; can lead to an UTI.
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idiosyncratic reaction
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When a pt underreacts or overreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal.
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synergistic effect
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When two medications combined have a greater effect than their effect when given separately.
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standing order
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It is carried out until the prescriber cancels it by another order, or a prescribed number of days has lapsed. A standing order often indicates a final date or number of treatment or doses.
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now order
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A now order is more specific than a one-time order and is used when a patient needs a medication quickly but not right away, as in a STAT order. When receiving a now order, the nurse has up to 90 minutes to administer the medication. Only administer now medications one at a time.
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pyrosis
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heartburn or acid indigestion
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primigravida
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a woman who is pregnant for the first time
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primipara
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a woman after she gives birth (who was pregnant for the first time)
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multigravida
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a pregnant woman who has previously carried a fetus
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multipara
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a woman after delivery (who has previously carried a fetus)
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hyperacusis
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abnormally acute hearing
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anasarca
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generalized edema
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rubor
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dusky redness, redness on skin like inflammation
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dysgeusia
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dysfunction in the sense of taste
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hemoptysis
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the coughing up of blood; blood in the sputum
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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intermittent dyspnea during sleep
attacks of severe SOB and coughing that generally occur at night; it usually awakens the person from sleep and may be quite frightening |
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Adventitious sounds
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additional breath sounds superimposed on normal sounds; they indicate pathologic changes in the lungs
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dystocia
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difficult birth, typically caused by a large or awkwardly positioned fetus, by smallness of the maternal pelvis, or by failure of the uterus and cervix to contract and expand normally
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acalculia
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loss of the ability to perform simple arithmetic calculations
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agnosia
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loss of facial recognition, inability to interpret sensations and hence recognize things, loss of sensory comprehension
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agraphia
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inability to write
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alexia
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the inability to see words or to read, word blindness
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anomia
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difficulty or inability to find words to name an object
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aphasia
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difficulty or inability to speak or understand
Broca (expressive, motor) Wernicke (receptive, sensory) |
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apraxia
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inability to use words or objects correctly, difficulty recognizing words, inability to perform previously learned motor skills or commands
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areflexia
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absence of reflexes
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ataxia
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loss of full control of bodily movements, loss of balance
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dysarthria
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(slurred speech)
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echolalia
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(automatic repetition of what another person says and repetition of sentences)
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hemianopsia
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blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes (also called hemiopia, hemianopia)
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hypophonia
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(soft voice), change in voice volume or articulation
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hypotonia
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abnormally low pressure of the intraocular fluid, the state of having hypotonic muscle tone
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perseveration
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word or action repetition
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prosopagnosia
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inability to recognize onself and other familiar faces
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