Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Things that could cause a primary urinary tract obstruction?
|
1) Neoplasms
2) Congenital malformations 3) Renal or Ureteral calculi 4) Strictures |
|
|
Causes of a secondary urinary tract obstruction?
|
1) Prostate enlargement
2) Abdominal neoplasms 3) Pregnancy 4) PID 5) Abdominal aortic aneurysm 6) Endometriosis |
|
|
End results of the obstruction of urinary tract?
|
Urine builds up -> dilation or stretching of urinary tract structures
|
|
|
Describe the pain of an acute onset obstruction?
|
Excruciating, spasmodic and radiating
|
|
|
Describe the pain of a chronic UT obstruction?
|
Mild to non-existent.
|
|
|
Nephrolithiasis?
|
Formation of calculi (kidney stones)
|
|
|
Danger of untreated kidney stones?
|
Accumulation of urine -> swelling -> hydronephrosis -> Kidney failure
|
|
|
Characteristic symptoms of renal or ureteral stones?
|
Sudden, sharp, severe pain
|
|
|
Four types of prostatitis?
|
I) Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
II) Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis III) Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) IV) Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis |
|
|
Predominant symptom for both chronic prostatitis and BPH?
|
Voiding complaints
|
|
|
Type of voiding complaints for Chronic Prostatitis?
|
1) Urgency
2) Frequency 3) Nocturia |
|
|
How do the symptoms of Prostatitis differ from BPH?
|
The voiding complaints are usually accompanied by pain before, during or after
|
|
|
Manifestations of Prostatitis?
|
1) Fever and Chills (from bacterial)
2) Low-back, inner thigh, perineal, testicular and penis pain 3) Malaise, arthralgias and myalgias |
|
|
Demographic for BPH?
|
Men over 50
|
|
|
Incidence rates of BPH?
|
1) Affects 1/2 of all men between 60 and 65yo
2) 80% between 70 and 90 3) Only half will develop symptoms |
|
|
Frequency of prostate cancer?
|
50-75% of men by the age of 75. SCARY shit.
|
|
|
Clinical sign of prostate cancer?
|
Increased PSA (prostate specific antigen); indicative of enlarge prostate and maybe increased incidence of carcinoma
|
|
|
Four stages of prostate cancer?
|
1) Non palpable
2) Palpable but, localized to prostate 3) No longer localized to prostate 4) Spread to lymph nodes and/or other parts |
|
|
Four primary types of incontinence?
|
1) Stress
2) Urge 3) Mixed 4) Overflow |
|
|
Stress incontinence
|
Support for the bladder or urethra is either weak or damaged
|
|
|
Urge incontinence
|
An over reactive bladder - involuntary contraction of detrusor muscle OR involuntary sphincter relaxation
|
|
|
Overflow incontinence
|
Over distention of bladder -> bladder can't completely empty
|
|
|
Ways a PT can treat incontinence?
|
1) Remove bladder irritants or diuretics
2) Train pt to "go" on a schedule |
|
|
Risk factors for incontinence?
|
Aging, overweight, history of UTIs, DM, chronic cough, chronic constipation, neurological disorders, previous bladder or pelvic surgery, pelvic trauma or radiation, bladder and/or bowel prolapse
|
|
|
Chemicals that may promote incontinence?
|
Irritants, diuretics, caffeine and ETOH, tobacco use.
|
|
|
Risk factors of incontinence specific to women?
|
Pregnancy, birth, menopause
|
|
|
Risk factors of incontinence specific to men?
|
Enlarged prostate, prostate surgery, prostate radiation
|
|
|
Acute renal failure
|
Abrupt stop of kidney activities occurring over a few hours to days
|
|
|
Chronic Renal Failure
|
ESRD - permanent loss of kidney function
|
|
|
Primary cause of ESRD?
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
|
|
Risk factors for ESRD?
|
Age, DM, HTN, chronic UT obstruction and infection, kidney transplantation
|
|
|
Systemic manifestations of Renal Failure?
|
1. Fatigue, malaise
2. Skin & nails: pallor, echymosis, dry skin, thick brittle nails 3. Skeletal system: osteomalacia, osteoporosis, bone pain, myopathies, tendon rupture 4. Neuro: memory loss, decreased alertness, irritability, difficulty with concentration, lethargy, sleep disturbances 5. PNS: Muscle weakness, tremor, cramping and things like carpal tunnel syndrome |
