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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two non-specific lines of defense against pathogens?
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1) Skin and mucosal barriers
2) Inflammatory defense |
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Primary role of the immune system?
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Identify and destroy foreign invaders and prevent proliferation of mutant cells
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MHC/HLA?
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- Major Histocompatibility Complex/ Human Leukocytic Agents
- Receptors on cell membrane that help differentiate self from non-self |
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Class 1 HLAs?
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A,B and C
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Class 2 HLAs?
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D and DR
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Two types of immunity?
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1) Innate: Does not require prior exposure
2) Acquired: Specificity and memory component |
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Active immunity
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Protection acquired by introduction of an antigen from a responsive host
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Passive immunity
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Antibodies are sensitized. Lymphcytes are transfered from one person to another via immune serum globulin
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Downfall of passive immunity?
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It doesn't have the memory component that acquired does, it's effects are transient
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Neutrophils?
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Act to kill foreign invaders by phagocytosis
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What do neutrophils respond to?
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Infection or inflammation
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Most active in allergies or allergic d/o, also responsive to parasitic infections.
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Eosinophils
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Basophils
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Circulate in the peripheral blood, their function is similar to mast cells (dump histamine during an allergic reaction)
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Monocytes/Macrophages
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Digest pathogens, can also help defend against tumor cells
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Mechanism of monocytes/macrophages?
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There's an antigenic component on the surface of the cell that IDs them as foreign invaders
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Development of lymphocytes?
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Starts in bone marrow -> develops into either B or T cells
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What happens when B cells are stimulated?
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The develop into plasma and memory cells?
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When do T cells differentiate?
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They differentiate after exposure to specific antigen
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Helper T Cells?
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- The most common T cell
- Secrete lymphokines which help B cells mature and produce antibodies - HIV destroys helper T cells |
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Cytotoxic T Cells?
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- Natural Killer Cells; Identify and attack foreign invaders
- Downside is that there will be healthy cell casualties |
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Suppressor T Cells
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Suppress both helper and cytotoxic T cells
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T Cells responsible for "turning on" the immune system?
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T4
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T Cells responsible for "turning off" the immune system
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T8
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Cytokines?
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Self regulating proteins released by macrophages
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3 primary function of cytokines?
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1) Trigger immune response
2) Trigger inflammatory response 3) Modulating transition from acute to chronic inflammatory stage |
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5 major cytokines?
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1) Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF)
2) Interfeurons (IFN) 3) Interleukines (IL) 4) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) 5) Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) |
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CSF (not cerebral spinal fluid)
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Colony Stimulating Factor - Essentialy primary hemopoitic growth factor
- Seen in bone marrow stem cells - Will stimulate WBC production |
