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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ddx Salt and Pepper Fundus
(6) |
Rubella
Lebers Congenital Amaurosis Carriers (albinism, choroideremia, retinitis pigmentosa) CPEO Cystinosis Drug toxixity |
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Ddx of Bull’s Eye Retinopathy
(8) |
Cone dystrophy (most common)
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine Stargardt’s Speilmeyer-Vogt-Batten-Mayou AMD Neimann-Pick (type B) North Carolina Dystrophy Benign Concentric Annular Dystrophy |
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Ddx CME
(8) |
N- nicotinic acid
E- epinephrine V- venous occlusion E- prostaglandin E2 R- Retinitis pigmentosa D- DM I- Irvine-Gass P- pars planitis, parafoveal telangiectasia |
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Ddx of Decreased Vision with Normal Fundus
(6) |
Stargardt’s
Cone dystrophy CSCR CME Twig BRVO/BRAO Toxic retinopathy |
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Order of Severity in Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy
(4) |
SC > Sthal > SS > SA
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Risk Factor for CRVO
(8) |
HTN
POAG PACG Atherosclerosis DM PCV Collagen vascular disease Dysprotinemia |
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What do Macroaneurysms do?
(4) |
R- rupture
A- artery occlusion F- fluid T- thrombose |
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Risk Factors for AMD
(9) |
Age
Hyperopia Family Hx Smoking Hyperlipidemia Complement factor H Soft drusen Pigment clumping PED |
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Ddx of Retinal Crystals
(8) |
Tamoxifen (occur in NFL and IPL)
Canthaxanthine Oxalosis Bietti syndrome Autosomal dominant crystalline dystrophy Calcified macular drusen Talc Methoxyflurane (leads to Calcium oxalate) |
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Ddx for Cherry Red Spot
(4) |
Tay-Sach
Neimann-Pick Sandhoff CRAO |
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Ddx Foveal Hypoplasia
(3) |
Aniridia
Albinism PHPV |
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Ddx Accommodative ET
(11) |
Pseudo ET
Nystagmus blockade Duanes syndrome Mobius syndrome 6th nerve palsy Neurologic disorders Sensory deprivation Cyclic ET Acquired non-accommodative ET Divergence insufficiency Divergence paralysis (think pontine tumors or head trauma) |
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Ddx Brown’s Syndrome
(5) |
Inferior oblique palsy
Double elevator syndrome (if no restriction do KNAPP procedure = move MR and LR to SR) Blowout fracture Thyroid disease |
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Ddx Lens Dislocation
(8) |
Marfan’s
Homocystinuria Weill-Marchesani syndrome Hyperlyseinemia Sulfite Ox Ehler-Danlos syndrome Syphilis PXE |
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Ddx Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
(8) |
Aniridia
Drugs (LSD, PCP, Dilantin, Cocaine, Quinine) ETOH Maternal DM Aicardi syndrome DeMorsier’s syndrome Young maternal age Trisomy 18 and 21 |
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Ddx Drugs that cause optic nerve hypoplasia
(5) |
LSD
PCP Dilantin Cocaine Quinine |
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Ddx Craniofacial Syndromes
(3) |
Goldenhar syndrome
Waardenberg syndrome Pierre-Robin syndrome |
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Ddx Craniosynostosis Syndrome (Autosomal Dominant and give V Patterns)
(3) |
Couzon syndrome
Apert syndrome Pfeiffer syndrome |
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Ddx Heterochromia Iridis
(4) |
Congenital horner’s syndrome
Fuch’s Waardenberg Siderosis |
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Increases Risk of ET
(4) |
Caucasian
Smoking Increased maternal age Low birth weight |
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Increases Risk of XT
(2) |
Smoking
Low birth weight |
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Hyphema in Children
(8) |
JXG
Trauma ROP PHPV Coat’s Retinoblastoma Leukemia Bleeding abnormalities |
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Ddx Paradoxical Pupil Response
(4) |
Congenital stationary night blindness
Achromatopsia Optic nerve hypolpasia Leber's Congenital Amaurosis |
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Ddx Spasmus Nutans
(2) |
Chiasmal glioma (given “bowtie” atrophy of the nerve)
Necrotizing encephalomyopathy |
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Ddx Optic Nerve Drusen (75-86% Bilateral)
(5) |
PXE
Retinitis pigmentosa Angioid streaks Chorioretinal folds Migranes |
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Risk Factors for NAION
(8) |
HTN
DM Smoking Hyperlipidemia Migraine Vasculitis Chronic renal failure Dialysis |
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Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
(2) |
11778 is the most common
14484 is the most likely to spontaneously improve |
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Ddx Optociliary Shunt Vessels
(7) |
Optic nerve meningioma
Sphenoid wing meningioma Optic nerve glioma CRVO Chronic papilledema Arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve Glaucoma |
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Ddx Toxic Retinopathy
(12) |
Ethambutol
INH Chloramphenicol Hydroxyquinolones Penicillamine Cisplatin Vincristine Methanol Ethelene glycol Etoh Digitalis Amiodarone |
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Ddx Downbeat Nystagmus (Located at the Cervico-Medullary Junction) (Treat with Clonazepam and Baclofen)
(7) |
Arnold-chiari
Tumor Demyelination CVA Meds (ETOH, Li, anti-seizure meds) Wernickes Platybasia |
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Ddx Monocular Nystagmus
(4) |
Chiasmal glioma
Hypothalamus glioma MS Spasmus nutans |
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Ddx Upbeat Nystagmus (Located in the Posterior Fossa)
(4) |
Demyelination
CVA Cerebellar degeneration Tobacco |
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Ddx See-Saw Nystagmus
(3) |
Craniopharyngioma
Parasellar tumor Trauma |
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Demographics and Etiology for Parinaud’s “Dorsal midbrain syndrome”
(3) |
Young men = pineal tumor
Women = MS Old men = CVA |
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Ddx Light-Near Dissociation
(7) |
Argyll-Robertson (bilateral)
Dorsal midbrain (bilateral) Adie’s (unilateral or bilateral) Optic neuropathy Severe retinal disease Aberent regeneration of CN III S/p PRP |
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Ddx of Things that Increase in Pregnancy (9)
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CSCR
HTN retinopathy/DM retinopathy Purtscher-like retinopathy Retinal detachment TTP CRVO/CRAO BRVO/BRAO Ischemic optic neuropathy CC fistula |
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Ddx Papilledema
(4) |
Mass
Hydrocephalus Meningitis Pseudotumor |
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Ddx Things that Pregnancy Aggrevate
(7) |
Uveal melanoma
Pituitary adenoma Meningioma Hemangioma DM Graves disease Fibrous dysplasia |
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Ddx Meds that Aggrevate Myasthenia Gravis
(5) |
Beta-blockers
Clindamycin D-penicillamine Anti-seizure meds Lidocaine |
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Ddx “fat” EOMs
(4) |
Graves disease (tendons spared)
Pseudotumor (tendons involved) Metastasis (prostate) Acromegaly |
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Ddx Double Elevator Syndrome
(5) |
Congenital usually presents with ptosis
Trauma Graves MG Supranuclear cause |
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Ddx Congenital Nystagmus
(5) |
Albinism
Aniridia Achromatopsia Atrophic/hypoplastic optic nerve Lebers congenital amaurosis |
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Ddx Canalicular Obtruction
(9) |
5-FU
Docetaxol Idoxuridine Phospholine iodine Eserine Vaccinia HSV Pemphagoid Stevens Johnson syndrome |
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Ddx Dacrolyths
(3) |
Actinomyces
Candida Epinephrine |
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Ddx Bright Things on T1 MRI
(4) |
Subacute blood
Melanin Lipid Mucous |
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Ddx Well-Circumscribed Orbital Tumor
(8) |
Cavernous hemangioma
Fibrous hystiocytoma Schwanomma Neuofibroma Hemangiopericytoma Dermoid cyst Pleomorphic adenoma Lymphoma |
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Ddx Poorly-Circumscribe Orbital Tumor
(6) |
Pseudotumor
Lymphangioma Hemorrhage Cellulitis Sarcoid Wegeners |
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Ddx Variable Appearance of Orbital Tumors
(4) |
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Metastasis Lymphoproliferative disorders Adenoid cystic carcinoma |
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Ddx of High Internal Reflectivity
(4) |
Lymphangioma
Pseudotumor Cavernous hemangioma Neurofibroma |
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Ddx Retained Lens Nuclei
(3) |
Rubella
Lowe’s syndrome Trisomy 13 |
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Risk Factors for POAG
(5) |
Increased IOP
Increased age Decreased CCT Race Positive family history |
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Risk Factors for PACG
(4) |
Family history
Female 55-65yo Hyperope |
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Ddx Splinter Hemorrhage
(5) |
Glaucoma
PVD DM BRVO Anticoagulation |
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Risk Factors for Normal Tension Glaucoma (5)
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Migraines
Reynauld’s syndrome Ischemic vascular disease Autoimmune disorder Japanese |
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Risk Factors for Bleb-Associated Endophthalmitis
(10) |
Blepharitis
Conjunctivitis Trauma NLD obstruction Contact lens use Bleb leak Male Young Inferior limbal bleb 5-FU/MMC |
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Ddx Secondary Glaucoma with Uveitis
(6) |
HSV
VZV Sarcoid Posner schlossman Fuchs UGH |
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Ddx of Increased Risk of Steroid Responder
(6) |
POAG
<10yo Relative with POAG DM High myope Connective tissue disease |
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Ddx Pseudo-Glaucomatous Cups
(4) |
Chiasmal compression (bowtie atrophy)
AAION Toxic (methanol) Hypotension |
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Risk Factors for Choroidals after Glaucoma Surgery
(4) |
Aphakia/pseudophakia
Myopia Prior PPV Pre-op IOP > 30 |
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Ddx for ACUTE Follicles
(4) |
Adenovirus
HSV Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis Newcastles |
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Ddx CHRONIC Follicles
(4) |
Chlamydia
Meds (atropine, epinephrine, trifluridine) Molluscum Lymphoma |
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Ddx for Type-I Hypersensitivity Reaction (AB-Mediated)
(4) |
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis Hay fever |
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Ddx for Type-II Hypersensitivity Reaction (Cytotoxic AB)
(4) |
OCP
VKH Sympathetic ophthalmia Mooren’s ulcer |
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Ddx for Type-III Hypersensitivity Reaction (Immune Complex/Complement Cascade)
(5) |
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Peripheral staph marginal keratitis Scleritis PUK Phacoanaphylaxis |
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Ddx Type-IV Hypersensitivity Reaction (T-cell Mediated)
(7) |
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Phlyctenulosis (associated with staph and TB) Staph blepharitis Contact dermatitis Granulomatous response to TB and Sarcoid Acne rosacea Corneal graft rejection |
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Ddx of Parinaud’s Oculoglandular Syndrome
(11) |
Cat scratch (Bartonella)
TB Syphilis Sporotrichosis Tularemia Mono Leptothrix Rickettsia Chlamydia Sarcoid Actinomyces |
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Who gets Nevus of Ota
(5) |
Asians
Blacks Duanes Retinitis pigmentosa Congenital cataracts |
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Ddx of Bacterial Corneal Ulcer
(5) |
Staph
Step Pseudomonas Moraxella Serratia |
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Ddx of Things that Perforate Intact Epithelium
(6) |
N. meningiditis
N. Gonococcus Shigella Corynbacteremia diphtheriae Listeria Haemophilis aegypsia |
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Ddx Interstitial Keratitis
(8) |
Syphilis
Lyme EBV Cogan’s (also deaf) HSV HZO Sarcoid Acanthamoeba |
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Ddx Anterior Scleritis
(8) |
Syphilis
Lyme TB HZO Sarcoid Gout Leprosy Immune disease |
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Ddx of Congenital Cloudy Cornea
(7) |
S- sclerocornea
T- tears in descemet’s U- ulcer (infections) M- metabolic (mucopolysaccharidosis) P- peter’s E- edema (CHED and PPMD) D- dermoids |
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Ddx of Corneal Dystrophies with BIGH3 Gene (Chrom 5)
(4) |
Reis-Buckler
(type I with rods) (type II with “curly” filaments and known as Theil-Behnke) Granular Avellino Lattice type I |
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Ddx Corneal Crystals
(10) |
Schnyder’s
Multiple myeloma Lipid keratopathy Gout Infectious crystalline keratopathy (strep viridans) Bietti syndrome Cystinosis Tryosinemia Plant soaps (dieffenbachia) Clofizimine |
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Things Associated with Keratoconus
(13) |
Downs
Lebers congenital amaurosis Ehlers-Danlos Connective tissue disorder Vernal keratoconjunctivitis Aniridia Retinitis pigmentosa Atopic keratoconjunctivitis Marfans Hard contact lens Eye rubbing Floppy eyelid syndrome Floppy mitral valve syndrome |
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Things Associated with Keratoglobus
(3) |
Lebers congenital amaurosis
Connective tissue disease Ehler-Danlos (type IV) |
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Things that Induce Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
(5) |
Sulfa
PCN Barbiturates Dilantin Infections (HSV, measles, mycoplasma) |
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Things that can Induce OCP (Treat with Cellcept, Dapsone, Steroids, Cyclophasphamide)
(4) |
Pilocarpine
Phospholine iodine Timolol IDU |
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Ddx of Mucopolysaccarides that cause Cloudy Corneas
(5) |
Hurler
Scheie Matquio Moroteaux-Lamy Sly NOT SANFILLIPO |
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Ddx Toxic Medicomentosa
(4) |
Aminoglycosides
Trifluridine Proparacaine Preserved AT’s |
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Ddx Corneal Verticallata
(5) |
Aminodarone
Fabry’s Chloroquine Indomethacin Chlorpromazine |
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Ddx “true” Membrane
(4) |
Diphtheria
GC Beta-hemolytic strep Stevens-Johnson’s syndrome |
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Ddx “pseudo” Membrane
(8) |
HSV
EKC PCF Staph Pneumococcus Pseudomonas Chemicals OCP |
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Ddx Enlarged Corneal Nerves
(6) |
MEN-IIb
Phytanic acid (Refsum syndrome) Leprosy Riley-Day Neurofibromatosis type 1 Acanthamoeba |
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Ddx Prominent Nerves
(5) |
Keratoconus
Icthyosis Fuchs corneal dystrophy Corneal edema Congenital glaucoma |
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Ddx Retinoblastoma
(3) |
Toxocariasis
PHPV Coats |
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Ddx Conjunctival Telangiectasia
(4) |
Osler-Weber-Rendu
Louis Barr Fabrys Sturge-Weber |
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Ddx False Positive VDRL
(4) |
SLE
Liver disease Pregnancy Other treponemal disease |
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Ddx Hemorrhage in all Layers of the Retina
(5) |
AMD
Macroaneurysm Valsalva retinopathy Shaken Baby Terson's |
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Ddx Purtscher’s Retinopathy
Trauma (7) |
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic renal failure Autoimmune disease Amniotic fluid embolism Retrobulbar anesthesia Orbital steroid injection |
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Ddx of Stellate KP
(5) |
HSV
VZV Sarcoid Fuchs Toxoplasmosis |
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Ddx Uveitis with Hyphema
(8) |
HLA-B27 uveitities
HSV VZV Post-op endophthalmitis UGH Behcet Fuchs Traumatic iritis |
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Ddx with PAX 6 Gene
(3) |
Aniridia
Peters Congenital cataracts |
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Ddx HLA- B27 Uveitis (Non-Granulomatous)
(5) |
Ankylosing spondylitis (90% +)
Reiters (85-95% +) IBD Psoriatic Reactive |
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Ddx Drug Induced Uveitis
(2) |
Rifabutin
Cidofivir |
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Ddx of Intermediate Uveitis
(7) |
Pars planitis
Syphilis Lyme Sarcoid MS TB Toxocariasis |
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Ddx Band Keratopathy
(6) |
Chronic ocular disease (JRA)
Hyercalcinemia hyper PTH, vit D toxicity, sarcoid Hereditary Increased serum phosphorus (renal failure) Mercury vapors Silicone oil in aphakic patient |
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Ddx of Neurotrophic Cornea
(7) |
HSV
VZV CVA/aneurysm of CN V nerve body MS Leprosy Hereditary (riley-day syndrome) Anesthesia abuse |
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Systemic Diseases Associated with Pediatric Glaucoma
(5) |
Sturge-Weber
NF-1 (no glaucoma in NF-2) Marfan Homocysteinemia Weill-Marchesani |
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Side Effects for CAIs
(5) |
Aplastic anemia
Thrombocytopenia Agranulocytosis Hypokalemia Kidney stones |
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Risk Factors for “Wipe-Out” in Glaucoma Surgery
(3) |
Advanced age
Pre-op split fixation Early hypotony early elevation of IOP |
