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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryote and eukaryote
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Prokaryote - bateria, archea
eukaryote - animals, plants, fungii |
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who has a nucleus? who has a nucleoid? do they have membranes?
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Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, which is membrane-bound.
bacteria have a nucleoid which is free floating dna without a membrane. |
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what has a lysosome, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes
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what has a peroxisome? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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eukaryotes
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what has a microtubules? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes
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what has mitochondia? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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eukaryotes
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what has cytoskeleton? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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eukaryotes most of the time
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How do eukaryotes and prokaryotes condense and store their DNA? what structures do they use?
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Eukaryotes wrap their DNA around proteins called histones
Prokaryotes use varieties of proteins to condense and fold DNA |
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which has vesicles? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have them
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which type of living things have Choroplasts?
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only plant cells
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which type of cell has a Golgi apparatus? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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Eukaryotes
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which type of cell has a flagella? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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can be on both, but mostly bacteria
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which type has a cell wall? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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only plants and fungi, and most prokaryotes.
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which type has vacuoles? eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
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both have them
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what is the cell size for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
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Euk - 10-100 um
Prok - 1-10 um |
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how do bacteria "mate"? what is it called?
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Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells
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what are plasmids? especially for bacteria
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a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell. mostly in bacteria but also can be in eukaryotes and archea...
plasmids carry genes that may benefit survival of the organism (e.g. antibiotic resistance) but are NOT necessary for the survival of the organism |
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a virus is on the edge of what can be considered life because
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they are inert outisde of the host and only "live" in the host
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viruses can have what kinds of genetic material?
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Single stranded (ss)RNA
ssDNA dsDNA |
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viruses are contained in
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protein capsids or membrane bound sacs
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how do viruses invade a cell? 3 main ways
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injecting its genetic material inside - virus attaches to cell surface and injects only its gene into the cell, these viruses are often bacteriophages
endocytosis - virus TRICKS the cell into thinking it is harmless so the cell allows it in, ie hepatitis C and poliovirus membrane fusion - the virus' envelope attaches to cell membrane and blends with it, releasing its contents into the cell. can only be done with viruses with an envelope, ie herpes and HIV |
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cell lysis means?
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destruction of the cell membrane or complete destruction
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retroviruses do what with their RNA?
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they reverse transcribe (codes RNA to DNA) their RNA into the host's DNA so that the host begins to produce the proteins necessary for the virus. cells now reproduce this DNA
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proviruses are the viruses that do what?
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become part of your DNA
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a virus that attacks bacteria are called
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bacteriophages
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what is the lytic cycle?
Lysogenic cycle? |
Lytic cycle is when the viruses lyse out of the cell once it has used up the resources.
lysogenic cycle is when the virus lays dormant in the cell until a stress or need to lyse the cell arises |
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viruses that have strange genetic material (ssDNA, RNA) normally contain what?
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viruses that have strange genetic material (ssDNA, RNA) normally contain the protein molecules necessary for transcribing and translating their own proteins while using the cells stuff.
they will not be able to use their RNA to make the cell replicate their genetic code, so they find another way to do it. |
