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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two nuclei in epithalamus
what tract runs to the anterior nuclie of thalamus
when habenula is damaged what happens |
Habenula , Epiphysis
mammillothalamic tract
depession that is difficult to treat |
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where is the habenular nucleus
what are afferents
efferents |
superior to the superior colliculus bilateral
septal and preoptic by the stria medullaris thalami
interpeduncular , habenulointerpeduncular (retroflexus) |
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when it is dark what happens to sex cycle from the pineal gland , what about tumor of pinealocytes , what about tumor in pineal but not pinealocyte but compresses pinealocyte
in the light how does 'light' get to the pineal epiphysis |
antigonadotropic ; hypogonadism ; precocious puberty
retina -> pretectum -> hypo -> interomedio of spinal cord -> sup cerv gang -> pineal gland |
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what is the most anterior nuc of thalamus most posterior |
anterior pulvinar |
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when is tonic firing used in thalamus, what membrane potential is needed , what about ca channel
burst , what mem potential, ca channel |
detailed information, focusing (awake), -55 , inactive ca channel
no details, but aware of event (sleep) , -70 , active calcium channel |
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where does vision go for discrimation light/dark cycle spacial orientation
what happens when all these are working
what is serial processing |
LGB (thal) suprachiasmatic nuc (hypo) SC (mid)
parallel processing
example : LGB->17->18->19 |
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medial lem, spinothal, and trigeminothal tracts project to what in the thalamus in parallel processing , where do these go serially |
VPL (or m) -> postcentrul gyrus -> sup parietal
CM-> basal ganglia (motor)
Association and diffuse nuclei -> arousal |
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what is a regulatory schemes of thalamus
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cortex and reticular formation regulate thalamic output , they also synapse on the VPL to regulate if the information was conscious |
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where does the anteiror nuc project
VA, VL , dorsomeidal |
cingulate
precentral, anterior, most anteroior cortex |
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what thalamus tracts are in antior limb of IC
genu
posterior |
anterior, medial dorsal , ventral anterior
ventral lateral
ventral posterior |
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what are the three types of nuclei in thalamus , what nuclei |
relay - one area to another
association - eg. prefrontal -> DM -> prefrontal
diffuse -> project many places, CM |
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what are external relay nuclei internal , which are only ones motor
assoication
diffuse |
VPL, VPM, LG, MG VA, VL, Anterior ; VA VL (sending to 4 and 6 motor)
DM- behavior
CM - motor to basal ganglia
CM - basal ganglia |
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what is thalamic syndrome
what happens and why
treatment |
posterior thalamus stroke -> impinge the posterior IC -> cont hemianeshtesia and hemiparesis with dysethesia (pain) weeks later on contralateral body
touch or emotion can illicit ; GABA downregulation
pain meds and anti-seizure |
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what is VA input , output
VL
CM
DM |
BG ; 4 6
BG + dentate of cerebellum ; 4 6
RF + BG ; 4 6
prefron cortex & hippo ; parietal & cingulate for affect and emotion and foresight |
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what are the branches of PCA that supplies medial and lateral geniculate and pulvinar
rest |
thalamogeniculate
thalamoperforating |
