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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dialects
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any variety of a language that is shared by a group of people
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linguistic inferiority principle
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dialect of socially subordinate groups will be seen as deviant
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idealect
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a person's own idiosyncrasies in regards to language
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Ds spread in what direction
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east to west
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dialect boundary
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Pennsylvania
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examples of language contact
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17th cent: Native American; 18th: French, German, Spanish
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economic ecology
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specialized vocab for the working environment
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communication networks
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the more movement through an area the harder it is to pin down a dialect
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group reference
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valley girl; teenagers; identifying w/ a specific group
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rule extension
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people prefer language rules that are as general as possible
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4 part analogy
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basically for regulars (cow: cows:: ox: oxes)
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Minority analogy
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irregulars (dwarfs --> dwarves)
bring/brang/brung |
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leveling analogy
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regularisation: was for all past tense; is for all present; hisself
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transparency principle
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tendency to simplify language is balanced by speakers' needs to make their meaning as clear as possible;
never assimilate neg markers |
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grammaticalization
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arrangement to show a shade of meaning in a dialect that may not make sense in the 'standard'
I might could go with you. |
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assimilation
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neighboring sounds become more like each other: impossible --> inpossible; inlogical --> illogical
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weakening
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better --> flaps; consonant cluster reduction
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epenthesis
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adding a sound
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excresense
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adding a consonant
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anaptyxis
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adding a vowel
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chain shifting
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when one sound changes, others must also change: great northern vowel shift
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dissimilation
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surprise --> suprise; government --> goverment
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metathesis
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ask --> aks
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