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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. CTL binds to antigen on MHC 1 2. CTL releases perforins and granzymes 3. Cell goes through apoptosis and dies |
Figure 17.12 Killing of virus infected target by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte |
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1. B-Cell binds to antigen 2. internalizes and processes antigen 3. combines w/ MHCII 4. displays on surface 5. T-4 cell binds antigen on MCHII 6. cytokines 7. B-Cell activates 8. Plasma cell makes antibodies
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Figure 17.4 Activation of B-Cell to produce antibodies |
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1. Agglutination- clummping 2. Opsonization- coating 3. neutralization- equilizes 4. antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity- releases chemicals and kills cell 5. activation of complement- lysis |
17.7 The results of antigen-antibody binding |
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1. Bacteria produces A-B toxin 2. bacteria secrets A-B toxin 3. B binds host cells receptors 4. Host cell brings in toxin by endocytosis 5. A-B split 6. B leaves cell 7. A- activates and alters cell function |
15.5 Action of an A-B exotoxin |
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1. phagocytes engulf gram negative bacteria 2. phagocyte digests bacteria 3. endotoxin released 4. phagocyte releases cytokines in blood 5. cytokines cause hypothalamus to release prostaglandins 6. hypothalamus resets body temperature |
15.6 Endotoxins and the pyrogenic response |
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A) Tissue damage - 1. chemicals are released by damage skin, histamine, cytokine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrins. 2. blood clot forms 3. abscess starts to form B) Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels 4. Margination- phagocytes sticking to edge 5. Diapedesis- phagocytes squeeze out 6. Phagocytosis of bacteria C) phagocyte migration and scab forms D) tissue repair |
16.8 process of inflammation |
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1. chemotaxis and adherence of phagocyte to microbe 2. ingestion of microbe by phagocyte 3. formation of phagosome-digestion of bacterium 4. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome to form PHAGOLYSOSOME 5. Digestion of ingested microbes by enzymes 6. formation of residual body 7. discharge |
16.7 The phases of Phagocytosis |
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Pathogen Surface (w/ B,D,P) / C3----Opsonization Inflammation --\ V \ C5-C9 Cytolysis
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Alernative pathway for complement |
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Mannose and Lectin bind together C2 and C4 {C3 ----Opsonization Inflammation-- { V {C5-C9 Cytolysis |
Lectin pathway |
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Antibody binds to antigen activates C1 and Splits C2 and C4 Inflammation-- { C3-----------Opsonization \ {C5-C9 leads to Cytolysis |
Classical complement pathway |
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Part 1. Attachment HIV spikes (gp 120) (gp 40) both binds receptors CD4 and CoReceptors CCR5 or CXCR4 Part 2. Fusion or Entry Fusion of envelope and cell membrane |
19.13 HIV structure and infection of a CD4* cell
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1. Inhibitation of cell wall synthesis: Penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin 2. Inhibition of protein synthesis: Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin 3. Inhibition of nucleic acid replication: Quinolones, rifampin 4. Injury to plasma membrane: polymyxin b 5. Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis: sulfanilamide, trimethoprim
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20.2 *** List 5 modes of actions for Antimicrobial drugs
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What drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis |
penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin
PCBV= (pink clowns break vans walls)
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what drugs inhibit protein synthesis |
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin
(TECS) protein teach every children strong |
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which drugs inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription |
quinolones, rifampin
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which drugs cause injury to the plasma membrane |
polymyxin B
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Which drugs inhibit essential metabolite synthesis |
sulfanilamide, trimethoprim |
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1. Blocking entry 2. inactivation by enzymes 3. alteration of target molecule 4. efflux of antibotic |
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics***
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a) 1. toxin molecules + Cell= cell damaged by toxin 2.if adding antibodies to toxin + cell neutralized toxin and undamaged cell b) RBC + Antiviral antibodies+ Viruses = viruses neutralized and hemagglutination inhibited |
18.9 reactions in neutralization test |
