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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Null-Hypothesis |
Two variables that are not related (Oral Motor exercises do not help Articulation clients) |
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Experimental Research |
A means of establishing cause-effect relationships EX: If a client with phonological processes practices with minimal pairs will they improve speech patterns? Has Independent (Cause) and Dependent variables (Effect). |
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Descriptive Research |
Researchers observe phenomenon of interest and records his or her observations. EX: People with Aphasia compared to people without Aphasia on word finding measures. Classification Variable (The two study groups) and Criterion Variable (Performance on a word finding assessment) |
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Alternative Hypothesis |
Two Variables are indeed related (EX: Will slow easy speech training reduce disfluency?) |
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Test Sensitivity |
Refers to how well a test detects that a condition (Dysphagia) is present when the condition is actually present (The proportion of true positives correctly identified on a test) |
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Test Specificity |
Refers to how well the test detects that a condition (Dysphagia) is not present when the condition is actually not present (the proportion of true negatives correctly identified by the test). |
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Between-Subjects Design |
Comparisons of two or more groups of subjects Utilizes matching overall (ex: average age) or pairwise matching of each subject to another subject on the extraneous variables (ex: age, education, gender) [Comparing differences between them] |
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Within-Subjects Design |
The behavior of the same subjects is studied under different conditions. |
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Treatment Efficacy Research |
Demonstrates the benefits of treatment through well-controlled studies with internal validity, statistical significance and practical significance. |
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Treatment Effectiveness |
Demonstrates clinical improvement from the treatment when applied in real-world context |
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Treatment Fidelity |
The degree to which actual implementation of the treatment in the real world is consistent with the prototype treatment administered in the controlled conditions of the treatment efficacy study. |
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Mixed Experimental-Descriptive Research |
A comparison of two groups as the descriptive component (EX: dyslexic versus non-dyslexic) and manipulation of an independent variable (EX: rapid vs. slow presentation of written words) as the experimental component. |
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Measures of Central Tendency |
Mean, Median, Mode |
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Measures of Variability |
Range, Standard Deviation, Variance |
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Statistical Significance: Type I Error |
Type I Error: A true null hypothesis is rejected (EX: Reseacher makes an error by rejecting the statement - Oral Motor Exercises do not help Articulation clients) |
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Statistical Significance: Type II Error |
Type II Error: A false null hypothesis is accepted(EX: Researcher makes an error by accepting the statement - Word drills do not help Articulation clients)
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Level of Significance: P-Value |
(p < .05) |
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When there are two sets of data being compared but one dependent variable, differences are analyzed using... |
ANOVA (Analysis of variance) |
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Variance |
How far each score in the distribution varies from the mean score. |
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When there are more than one independent variables and more than one dependent variables analysis procedures are... |
MANCOVA (Multivariate analysis of variance ANCOVA (Analysis of compliance) |
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Cohen's D |
Used to compare the means of two or more groups |
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Content Validity |
Measure of the validity of a test based on a through examination of all test items to determine whether the items are relevant to measuring what the test purports to measure |
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Construct Validity |
The degree to which test scores are consistent with theoretical constructs, concepts or expectations. |
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Comprehensive and Integrated Assessment |
Use of Client specific material, sample communication in natural settings and evaluation of skills in depth. Selection of ethnoculturally appropriate tests and interpretation of said tests cautiously. |
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Authentic Assessment |
Naturalistic Observation of skills. |
