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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bleeding time
platelet count PT/INR PTT LFT, platelet aggregation... are tests used for determining ? |
coagulation/hemostasis
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D-dime
Antithrombin III Protein C/protein S Factor V Leiden Anticardiolipin antibodies; homoscystine levels are used for determining? |
fibrinolysis/hypercoagulable states
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Which test is often used preoperatively, elaluates primary hemostasis, evaluates vascular contraction/spasm as well as platelet sufficiency and fcn, "bottom line" test-can the pt. stop bleeding?
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Bleeding Time
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What is a normal bleeding time?
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1-9 minutes
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Thrombocytopenia
Bone marrow CA chemotherapy von Willebrand deficiency DIC will show an increased/decreased bleeding time? |
increased bleeding time
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What is a quantitative measure of platelets?
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platelet count
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What is a normal platelet count?
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150-400 thousand
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A platelet count of <50K can lead to? A count of <20K can lead to?
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<50K-prolonged bleeding time from surgery/trauma
<20K spontaneous bleeding |
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What is the lab test that measures is the time it takes plasma to coagulate, and evaluatesw the extrinsic and common pathway.
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PT/INR
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What factors does PT evaluate the function of?
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I, II, V, X and uniquely VII
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What is a normal PT?
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11-12.5 sec
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What is a normal INR?
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0.8-1.2
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Where do you want the INR for...
DVT prophylaxsis? DVT? A. fib emboli protection? PE? prosthetic valve prophylaxsis? |
DVT pro: 1.5-2.0
DVT: 2.0-3.0 A. fib: 2.0-3.0 PE: 3.0-4.0 Valve: 2.5-3.5 |
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ASA, thorazine, cimetidine, quinadine will do what to the INR?
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increase it
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diets high in green leafy vegetables will do what to the INR?
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decrease it
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What lab test evaluates the intrinsic coagulation cascade?
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PTT
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What unique coagulation factors does PTT evaluate?
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VIII, IX, XI, XII are unique to the intrinsic pathway
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What is a normal PTT?
What is a normal aPTT? |
60-70 sec
30-40 sec |
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pts. with hemophilia A or B, liver dx, vitamin K definiency, on heparin therapy, DIC, and ASA therapy will cause the PTT in increase or decrease?
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increase
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A D-dimer or fibrin degradation level is a test of coagulation/hemostasis or
test for hypercoagulable state? |
hypercoaguable state
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What is the natural clot buster of the body?
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plasmin
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__ is a fibrin degration product made from fibrinolysis.
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D-dimer
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What test is used to determine thrombotic/embolic states such as DIC, DVT, PE.?
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D-dimer, fibrin degradation product
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What are normal qualitive d-dimer results?
What are normal quantitative d-dimer results? |
qualitative-negative
quantitative <250 mcg/liter is normal |
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what is another name for a test that measures heparin cofactor?
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Anti-thrombin III
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Anti-thrombin III is tested when you suspect a pt. to be in a __coaguable state.
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hypercoagluable state
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Anti-thrombin III is produced in the __
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liver
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Antithrombin inhibits what coagulation factors?
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II, IX, X, XI, XII
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Antithrombin deficiency leads to a ___ state.
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hypercoagulable
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Noramally there is a balance between thrombin and __
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antithrombin
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What is a normal antithrombin III level?
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>50% of control value-which varies per lab
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Protein C and Protein S are tested when you expect a __coagulable state.
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hypercoagulable state
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Protein C and Protein S inhibit coagulation by inactivating factors __ and __.
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Va and VIIIa
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Protein C and Protein S are Vitamin __ dependant.
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vitamin K
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Definicies of protein c and protein s lead to a __coagulable state.
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hypercoagulable state
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What are normal values of Protein C? protein S?
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Protein C 70-150% of normal
Protein S 60-130% of normal |
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Factor __ is an abnormal form of factor V.
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factor V leiden
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T/F
protein C can inactivate factor V leiden? |
false; it cannot inactivate
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What is a normal factor V leiden level?
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negative
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__ is an important predictor of vascular disease.
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homocysteine
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what is a normal homocysteine level?
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4-14 micromoles/L
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What does a homocysteine level >15 micromoles associated with?
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high risk of vascular disease
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You will find increased homocysteine levels in what type of pts?
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inherited
renal impairment smoking vitamin b6,b12, folate deficiency |
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What lab test is r/t to lupus?
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anticardiolipin antibody
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Thromboembolic events occur in __% of patients with anticardiolipin antibodies.
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40%
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If the endothelium is breached, the balance of coagulation/anticoagulation shifts toward?
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coagulation
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Once hemostasis is achieved at the sight of injury, the balance shifts back to __/fibrinolysis.
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anticoagulation/fibrinolysis
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What is Virchow's Triad of coagulation?
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-hypercoagulable state
-vascular wall injury -circulatory stasis |
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What are the 3 main components of hemostasis?
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vascular spasm
platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis) coagulation (secondary hemostasis) |
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Coagulation is the process in which plasma converts from a __ into a __.
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liquid into a gel
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Which coagulation factors are vitamin K dependent?
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II, VII, IX, X
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What are the 2 pathways of coagulation?
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intrinsic-PTT
extrinsic-PT |
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The key fibrinolytic molecule is __.
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plasmin
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Plasmin is the body's natural __.
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clot buster
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Plasmin is activated by __.
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plasminogen
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What are the 3 man made clot busters?
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tPA
streptokinase urokinase |
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Platelets come from __.
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megokaryocytes
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Thrombocytes are sequestered or removed by the __.
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spleen
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Increased sequestration of thrombocytes leads to __omegaly.
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spleenomegaly
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__ factor is a large glycoprotein found in plasma, platelets and endothelial cells.
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von Willebrands factor
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how is von Willebrands deficiency treated?
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DDAVP which stimulates release of endogenous endothelial stores or factor VIII.
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What is a inherited factor VIII deficiency, that is sex linked?
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Hemophilia A
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What is a factor IX deficiency, that is sex linked, treated with purified factor IX or FFP.
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hemophilia B
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What dx is a pro=coagulation response activated intravacularly leading to generation of thromi in diffuse, non-localized manner.?
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DIC
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Vitamin K may come from what foods in our diet?
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cabbage, lettuce, spinach, cereals
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Antithrombin III deficiency, Protein C and protein S deficiency, SLE, homocysteninemia, and Factor V leiden are all examples of...?
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inherited disorders of fibrinolysis/anticoagulation
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