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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Histopathology consists of two major areas |
Autopsy and surgical Pathology |
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surgical Pathology is |
examination of biopsy specimens from living patients |
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In 95% of routine cases which staining method is common? |
haematoxylin and eosin stain |
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Special histopathology techniques are |
histochemical stains immunohistochemical stains Electron microscopy flow cytometry cytogenetic studies molecular Pathology techniques microarray technology |
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some applications of histochemical stains |
demonstration of organisms
demonstration of connective tissue matrix components
identification of pigments and other extracellular deposits demonstration of cytoplasmic constituents enzyme histochemical stains |
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Mycobacteria is stained with? |
Ziehl-Neelsen stain |
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Fungi is stained with |
periodic acid-schiff and methenamine silver |
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Collagen and elastic fibers are stained with___respectively |
trichrome stains and verhoeff stains |
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Mucopolysaccharides are stained by |
alcian blue, metachromatic dyes |
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melanin and amyloid are stained by_____ respectively |
fontana-masson, Congo red |
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haemosiderin and calcium are stained by____respectively |
perls' Prussian blue and von kossa |
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Glycogen and lipids are stained with___ respectively |
periodic acid-schiff and Sudan black |
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muscle filament and myelin are stained with____respectively |
phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin and luxol fast blue |
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immunohistochemical stains involves |
use of antibodies against specific tissue antigens or constituents |
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Hybridoma techniques by monoclonal antibodies against single epitope of specific antigens were developed by who and when? |
Kohler and Milstein, 1975 |
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Applications of immunohistochemistry |
Diagnosis of specific viral, bacterial, frugal or protozoan infections.
Categorization of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms, leukemias and lymphomas. Detection of hormone receptors. Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and autoimmune skin disorders(immunofluorescence) |
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Mention some immunohistochemical markers |
enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin(Neurosecretory granules) cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein(intermediate fillaments) |
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Simply define flow cytometry |
This is when individual cells in a fluid suspension are made to pass through a laser beam which scatters light in different directions in amounts determined by the physicochemical characteristics of each cells |
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Flow cytometry aim to provide these informations about the cell |
cell size, shape, DNA content, cell surface molecules |
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Applications of flow cytometry |
Haematology (CD4 count)
Tumor cell ploidy(malignant tumor cells being aneuploid, compared to normal/benign cells being diploid) |
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simply define Electron microscopy |
It's the focusing of a beam of electrons by powerful magnet on a tissue; with deflected beams focused on a cathode ray tube or photographic film to visualize it. |
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resolution of Electron microscope and delay interval for getting result? |
1-2 nm, 1-2 weeks |
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application of EM |
renal Pathology viral infections skeletal muscle diseases(parking lot inclusions) Tumor diagnosis metabolic disorders(zebra bodies) |
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Cytogenetic studies involves |
the production of a chromosome spread using bone marrow preparation, whole blood, fibroblasts and fresh tissue. |
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Cell Division is stimulated using___ metaphase arrest of mitosis is by using____ |
phytohaemagglutinin and colchicine |
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chromosome spread is stained with |
Giemsa stain |
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Applications of molecular Pathology techniques are |
Oncology forensic medicine inherited disease infectious diseases custom tailored drugs anthropological studies |
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In situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH), differentiate |
ISH is focused on nucleic acid targeting in cells using radioactive(s35) and nonradioactive(peroxidase, biotin, digoxigenin) labeled probes. While FISH is focused on chromosome targeting using fluorochrome probes. |
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Polymerase chain reaction was described by who, when? |
Kary Mullis 1985 (Nobel price 1993) |
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polymerase chain reaction involves multiple circle of 3 things |
DNA denaturation Primer annealing Polymerase extension |
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Microarray technology involves making of? |
Slides of cores of tissues arranged in an organized grid. |
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Microarray technology is used for? |
Measuring the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in a tissue sample to generate an expression profile. |
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Recipient block of tissue in microarray technology is what is used to produce tissue microarray used in final experiment. T or F |
True |