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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WBC are divided in to what 2 groups?
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1. Granulocytes-Neutrophils, Basophils & Esosinophils.
2. Agranulocytes-Lymphocytes & Monocytes |
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Total leukocyte count is differentiated according to what 5 types?
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1.Neutoophils-Pyogenic infections.
2.Eosinophils-Allergic disorders & parasitic infestations. 3.Basophils-Parasitic infestations. 4.Lymphocytes-Viral infections. 5.Monocytes-Severe infections, by phagocytosis (p infection or infection has been present for a while. |
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Eosinophils account for what & of total leukocyte count?
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(granulocytes)
1-4% (allergic disorders & parasitic infestations) No response to bacteria. |
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What is Eosinophilia?
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Increase in Eosinophils >5%
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What are less common causes of eosinophillia?
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Addison's dz, Hogkin's dz & lymphoma, Chromic skin dz, Some infections (scarlet fever, chlamydia), SLE, collagen dz, Some GI dz, Malignant tumors.
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What is Eosinopenia?
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Decrease in eosinophils.
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Causes of eosinopenia?
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Cushing's syndrome (too much cortisol), drugs, infections w/neutrophilia, stressful situations, burns, postoperative states, lupus, electroshock, eclampsia & labor.
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What are basophils?
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(granulocyte)
Usually used to study allergic reaction. Considered phagocytic & contain heparin, histamine & serotonin. |
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What % are basophils in total WBC count?
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0.5-1%
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What is basophilia?
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Increased basophils.
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What are causes of basophilia?
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Inflammation, allergy or sinusitis.
(Granulocystic & basophilic leukemia, Hodgkin's dz, Polycythemia vera, Chronic hemolytic anermia, DM, infections including; TB, Varacella & influenza. |
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What are the causes of Basopenia.
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Acute phase of infection, hyperthroidism, stress reactions, prolonged steroid therapy.
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What are Monocytes.
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Agranulocytes, the largest cells of normal blood, 2nd line of defense against infection, phagocytic-remove injured & dead cells, microorganisms & particles from circulating blood, to be excreted in feces.
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What do monocytes escaping from the upper & lower respiratory tract & GI & GU organs do?
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Perform scavanger functions & produce interferon (antiviral agent)
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What are causes of monocytosis?
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Monocytic Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, Hodgkins's dz, Recovery state of acute infection, Lipid storage dz, Parasitic & Rickettsia dz, TB & Subacute Endocarditis, Chronic Ulcerative Colitis, Sprue, Collagen dzs & Sarcoidosis.
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What are causes of a decreased monocyte count?
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Prednisone tx, Hair Cell Leukemia, RA, HIV.
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What % of WBC do lymphocytes account for?
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(Agranulocyte)
20-40% of the WBC count. |
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What are Lymphocytes?
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Small motile cells that migrate to areas of inflammation. Source of serum immunoglobulin & cellular immune response.
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Where are Lymphocytes made?
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In the bone marrow.
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What do B-Lymphocytes do & where do the mature?
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Control the antigen-antibody response & have memory.
Mature in bone marrow |
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What are T-Lymphocytes & where do they mature?
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T cells include the T4 helper cells, killer cells, cytotic cells, & suppressor T8 cells.
T cells mature in the thymus. |
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What are causes of Lymphopenia?
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Chemotherapy, Radiation, Steroid tx, Aplastic Anemia, Hodgkin's dz, AIDS, Advanced TB, CHF, Renal failure.
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What are normal values of Hematocrit (HCT)?
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Adult Male - 42-52%
Adult Female - 36-48% Children - Depends on age |
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What does a Hematocrit (HCT) determine?
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Red blood cell mass.
The results are expressed as the % of packed red cell in a volume of whole blood. (it is an important measurement in the determination of anemia or polycythemia. |
