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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what 4 things can a frozen section is used for
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presence or absence of a malignancy
presence or abscence of inflammation/organisms whether surgical margins are free of neoplasm whether diagnostic tissue is present |
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What are the five intermediate filaments and their cells of origin
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1) Keratin Carcinomas, mesotheliomas
2) DesminMuscle tumors: smooth, striated 3) Vimentin Mesennchymal tumors, some carcinomas 4) Glial filaments Gliomatous tumors 5) Neurofilaments Neuronal tumor |
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What two things can flow cytometry measure?
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membrane antigens
DNA content |
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DNA content or ploidy can be divided into what two subsets?
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diploid
aneuploid- poor prognosis |
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What are the antigen designations for T-cells
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CD:
1, 3, 4, 5, 8 |
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What are the antigen designations for B-cells
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CD:
10, 19-21, 23 |
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What are the antigen designations for monocytes/Macs
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CD:
11, 13-15 |
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What are the antigen designations for NK-cells
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CD:
16, 56 |
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What is the antigen designation for stem cells
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CD-34
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What is the antigen designation for activation marker
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CD-30
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what CD marker is on all leukocytes
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CD-45
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what is FISH and what are its uses
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demonstrates complex translocations that are not detected by routine karyotyping
Detects of specific DNA or RNA sequences via labeled nucleic acid probe |
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what are the advantages of FISH
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you can detect latent or productive viruses
differentiate subtypes very sensitive and rapid you can visualize the entire genome you can detect chromosomal abnormalities as well as gene translocations |
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what does a microarray measure
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expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously
I.E. gives a molecular profile |
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what are the 6 areas that genomic approaches are having an impact on
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tumor classification
prognostic markers predictive markers of drug response development of new drugs monitoring of disease management of susceptibility to cancer |
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what two features are helpful in dividing blood vessels into benign and malignant categories
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degree of well formed vascular channels
extent and regularity of endothelial cell proliferation |
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What are the three categories of hemangiomas?
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capillary
cavernous juvenile |
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Capillary hemangiomas are found predominantly in what locations?
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skin
sub Q mucous membranes |
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What is the natural course of the strawberry or juvenile type of capillary hemangioma?
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found in newborns
grows rapidly for a few months then fades over several years |
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what are the gross characteristics of pyogenic granulomas
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peduncular, red nodules
proliferating capillaries with edema and inflammation |
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how do a third of pyogenic granulomas form?
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trauma
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what is granuloma gravidarum
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a pregnancy tumor (pyogenic granuloma) in the gingiva
1 to 5 % of pregnant women |
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where do glomus tumor occur
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under the fingernails
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what are glomus tumors composed of
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neuromyoarterial receptors
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what are the clinical symptoms of glomus tumors
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Pain at the fingertips
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what is a vascular ectasia
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dilation, expansion or distention of a blood vessel.
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What are three types of vascular ectasias?
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nevus flammeus
spider talengiectasia hereditary hemorrhagic talengiectasis |
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what is the common name for nevus flammeus
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birth mark
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what is a port wine stain
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dilation and proliferation of blood vessels (ectasia),
grows with child, thickens surface, no tendency to fade |
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What causes bacillary angiomatosis?
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Infectious disease in immunocomprimised pts
treated with antibiotics |
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What are the two intermediate grade blood vessel tumors?
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hemiangioendothelioma
epithelioid hemiangioendothelioma (Karposi sarcoma) |
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What are the four types of Kaposi sarcoma?
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chronic (old men)
lymphadenopathic (africa) transplant (due to immunosupressive drugs) AIDS |
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What are the three stages of karposi's sarcoma?
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spectrum of lesions
early late |
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What are the microscopic hallmarks of Karposi's sarcomas?
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slit like spaces filled with red cells
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what is the underlying cause of Karposi's sarcoma
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human herpes virus 8
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What are the two malignant blood vessel tumors?
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angiosarcomas
hemangiopericytomas- pericytes |
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What three carcinogens are hepatic angiosarcomas associated with?
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Arsenic,
Thorotrast, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) |
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What are the two types of lymphangiomas?
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simple
cavernous |
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What is the other term for cavernous lymphangioma?
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Cystic Hygoma
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where does simple lymphangioma occur
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head and neck
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where does cavernous lymphangioma occur
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cavernous lymphatic spaces in the neck
children with turners syndrome |
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what is lymphangiosarcoma
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develops after prolonged lymphatic obstruction
most seen after radical mastectomy poor prognosis |
