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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucose
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Normal: 70-105mg/dL
Critical: <50 or >400 |
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Causes of Deficent Glucose Levels
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Insulin Overdose
Addisons Bacterial Sepsis Insulinoma Starvation Sepsis |
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Cause of Excessive Glucose
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Diabetes Mellitus
Cushing's Disease Acute Stress Resp Phyeochromocytoma Coritcosteroid therapy |
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BUN
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Normal 10-20m mg/dL
Crtical Value: 100 mg/dL |
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Causes of Excessive BUN
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Renal Disease
Urinary obstruction Dehydration/hypovolemia Shock Infection Diabetes Mellitus |
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Creatinine
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Normal 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Critical >4 mg/dL |
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Cause of Low Creatinine
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Debilitation
Decreased muscle mass |
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Cause of High Creatinine
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Impaired renal function
DKA Starvation Hyperthyroidism Muscle disease Urinary obstruction Reduced renal blood flow |
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Creatinine Clearance (CC)
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M: 107-139
W: 87-107 ml/min |
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Creatine Clearance Low
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Impaired kidney function
Conditions of decreased GFR |
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Creatine Clearance High
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Exercise
Pregnancy High cardiac output syndromes |
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Uric Acid
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Normal: M: 4-.5 mg/dl
W: 2.7-7.3 Critical: >12 mg/dl |
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Excessive Uric Acid
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Gout
Chronic renal disease Drugs Increased cell turnover Malignancy Renal stones Alcoholism |
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Total protein
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Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL
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Low Protein Levels
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Severe liver disease
Malabsorption Nephrotic syndrome Diarrhea |
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High Protein Levels
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Hemoconcentration
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen diseases Lupus Chronic infections Malignant tumors |
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Albumin
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Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL
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Low Albumin
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Severe liver disease
Malabsorption Diarrhea Severe burns Starvation Pregnancy Over hydration |
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High Albumin
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Dehydration
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Globulin
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Normal: 2.3-3.4 g/dL
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Creatine Phosphokinase
(CPK) |
M: 55-170 U/l
W: 30-135 |
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Excessive CPK
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Diseases/injury effecting the heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and brain
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Creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB)
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Acute MI
Cardiac aneurysm surgery Cardiac defibrillation Myocarditis Ventricular arrhythmias Cardiac ischemia |
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CPK-BB
is caused by |
Disease affecting CNS
Adenocarcinoma Pulmonary infarction |
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CPK-MM
caused by |
Rhabdomyolysis
Muscular dystrophy Myositis IM injections Crush injuries Delirium tremens Chronic alcoholism Acute intoxication Shock Malignany hyperthermi |
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Myoglobin
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M: 30-90 ng/dl
W: <50 ng/dl |
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Excessive Myoglobin
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MI
Myositis Malignant hyperthermia Muscular Dystrophy Rhadomyolysis |
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Cardiac Troponin T
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Normal: <0.2 ng/ml
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High Cardiac Troponin
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MI
Myocarditis Myocardial contusion Myocardial toxicity Cardiac transplant |
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Troponin I
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<0.03 ng/ml
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High Troponin I
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MI
Myocarditis Myocardial contusion Myocardial toxicity Cardiac transplant |
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Total Bilirubin
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Normal:0.3-1.0 mg/dl
Critical:Adult: >12 mg/dl Newborn: >15 mg/dl |
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Conjugated Bilirubin
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Normal:0.1-0.3 mg/dl
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High conjugated Bilirubin
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Gall stones
Extrahepatic duct Liver metastases |
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Unconjugated Bilirubin
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Normal:0.2-0.8 mg/dl
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High levels of Unconjugated Bilirubin
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic anemia Hepatitis Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia Transfusion reaction |
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AST
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Normal:0-35 units/L
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High AST
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Cardiac disease
Liver disease Skeletal muscle disease Acute pancreatitis Statins Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency Wilson’s disease |
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ALT
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Normal:4-36 units/L
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High ALT
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Hepatocellular disease
Cirrhosis Obstructive jaundice/biliary obstruction Hepatitis Cholestasis Pancreatitis Hepatotoxic drugs Mono |
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ALP
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Normal: 30-120 units/L
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High ALP caused by
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Liver disease
Bone Normal pregnancy Hyperparathyroidism Sarcoidosis Multiple myeloma ther. Cholestatic disease Cancer Sarcoisdosis TB |
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LDH
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100-190 units/L
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Excessive LDH
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Acute MI
Acute leukemia Hepatic disease Skeletal muscle disease Cancer Red blood cell disease Renal parenchymal dis. Pancreatitis |
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GGT
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8-38 units/L
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High GGT caused by
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Cholecystitis
Cancer metastatic to liver Cirrhosis Acute pancreatitis Alcoholism Hepatitis Cancer of the pancreas |
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High levels of AST/ALT caused by
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Viral hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis Hemochromatosis |
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Amylase (normal)
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25-125 units/L
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High levels of Amylase
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Acute pancreatitis
Perforated peptic ulcer Acute cholecystitis Intestinal obstruction Abdominal trauma Mumps |
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Lipase (normal)
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10-140 units/L
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High levels of Lipase caused by
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Acute pancreatitis
Chronic relapsing pancreatitis Obstruction of pancreatic duct Pancreatic cancer Acute cholecystitis Cholangitis Cirrhosis Severe renal disease High intestinal obstruction |
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PSA
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<ng/ml
Caused by Prostate cancer Benign prostatic hypertrophy Prostatitis |
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Na
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Normal: 135-145 mmol/L
Critical: <120 >160 |
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Low levels of Na
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Decreased sodium intake
Addison’s disease Dairrhea Vomiting Nasogastric aspiration Diuretics Chronic renal insufficiency Excess oral water intake Excess IV fluids CHF SIADH |
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High levels of Na
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Excess dietary intake
Primary aldosterone Cushing’s disease Excessive sweating Extensive burns Diabetes insipidus |
