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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the general things that are looked at by the clinician in an Inspection examination?
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-Spirit
-Complexion -form and bearing |
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What are the local things looked at by the clinician in an Inspection examination?
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-head, neck,ears,eyes,nose and mouth
-skin -vessels and nails -excreta |
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And last but not least, what has very unique characteristics that a clinician looks at in an inspection examination?
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the tongue
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Why is the state of the spirit an important parameter for health?
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Because the Shen is a reflection of a persons pre/post natal essence as well as reflecting the function of the zangfu and the condition of the Qi, Blood and body fluids.
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How does one inspect a persons Shen?
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Observe a patients eyes, facial expressions,complexion,mentality and reactivity.
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What are the four spirit states?
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-De Shen- spiritedness
-Shi Shen- spiritlessness -Jia Shen - false spirit -Luan Shen- mental derangement |
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Give the definition of De Shen.
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State of sufficient essences, strong Qi, full of energy.
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When would you see De Shen?
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In a healthy body, mild illness or severe conditions with a favorable prognosis.
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List some manifestations of De Shen.
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conscious mental state,normal vitality,natural facial expressions,ruddy complexion,bright eyes, clear speech
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Give the definition of Shi Shen.
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State of exhaustion of life essence, deficient Qi, lack of energy
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When would you see Shi Shen?
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In severe conditions
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What manifestations would be seen in Shi Shen?
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weak body, listless,pale/dull complexion w/o luster, dull/stagnant eyes, weak or panting breath, low voice- in worse case emaciation,retarded response,unconsciousness or coma w/delirium
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What is the definition of Jia Shen?
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false manifestations in disagreement with the nature of the disease
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When would you see Jia Shen?
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In sever conditions. Signs of yin and yang about to separate. Patient's essence and qi are extremely declined-end stage of serious or chronic disease.Yang is floating.
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What are the manifestations of Jia Shen?
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Following signs of Shi Shen, suddenly the vitality becomes good, reddish cheeks, wanting to eat, talkative.
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What is the definition of Luan Shen?
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Shen is not stable.
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When would you see Luan Shen?
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In mental illness due to phlegm obstruction the Heart spirit or disturbance of the Heart by phlegm-fire.
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Inspection of complexion looks at two aspects. What are they?
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Color and luster.
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What are the possible colors and what do they indicate?
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red, white, blue, yellow and black.
They can indicate the location and nature of the disease. |
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What are the possible lusters? What do they indicate?
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Bright and moist or dull and dry.
They tell the state of the related Zangfu. |
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Describe a persons normal, healthy complexion.
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bright and moist with right color.
Right color is a persons normal governing color due to family/ethnicity, adjusted for seasonal variations. |
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Describe a morbid complexion.
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dull and dry with wrong color.
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What are the normal seasonal color changes in a persons complexion?
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Spring- Blue
Summer- Red Late Summer- Yellow Autumn - White Winter - Black |
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What are" Wrong" or Morbid colors?
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Lusterless or too obvious color or just a single color.
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What does the morbid color blue indicate?
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LIVER- syndromes of cold/pain/blood stasis/convulsion(internal Liver wind).
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What does the morbid color red indicate?
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HEART-Heat syndromes.
whole face-excess exter.& interior heat flushed cheeks-defic. heat due to Yin Defic. occas. flush-pale after prolonged critical illness- false heat |
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What does the Morbid color yellow indicate?
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SPLEEN - defic. or dampness syndromes.
-pale yellow, lusterless - SP&ST defic., QI & Blood defic. -yellow & puffy - sp defic. w/dampness Yellow in whole body-JAUNDICE |
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Describe the different yellow presentations of Jaundice.
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-bright yellow - Yang jaundice, D-H in LV/GB
-dim yellow- Yin jaundice cold-damp stagnating in LV/GB Acute jaundice - sudden onset,whole body deep yellow w/fever & coma - D-H & pestilence steaming LV/GB |
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What does the morbid color white indicate?
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LUNG- defic. or cold syndromes.
pale & puffy - Yang defic. H2O reten thin body or emaciated- defic. of Qi/Blood severe abdo cold-pain: interior excessive cold sudden profuse cold sweat, cold limbs, indistinct pulse - sudden loss of yang qi |
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What does the morbid color black indicate?
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KIDNEY - KD defic/cold/Blood stasis/fluid retension syndromes
-pale blackish - KD Yang defic. -dry blackish - KD essence insuffic. -puffy eye bags/dark circles - KD defic w/flooding H2O -Squamous & dry skin - Blood stasis |
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What is meant by the term Form?
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- the strength & weakness of a body
-the fatness & thinness of a body - deformity of a body |
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What does a strong body indicate?
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Good function of zangfu, sufficient Qi and Blood.
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What does a weak body indicate?
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Deficiency in zangfu or Qi and Blood
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What does obesity indicate?
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-Big appetite: strong excessive in QI & phlegm-damp
-Poor appetite & low energy: SP Qi defic. w/accum of phlegm-damp |
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What does a slender body indicate?
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-Possible insufficiency of Yin & Blood & tendency to sustain defic. heat.
-Emaciation: exhaustion of essence seen in prolonged critical conditions |
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What is the cause of the of the deformities- chicken chest and tortoise back?
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Pre or postnatal deficiency.
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What are some possible causes of deformities in the four limbs?
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Rheumatoid arthritis, TB, Gout, tumors
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What is meant by a persons bearing?
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A persons posture and gait - the way a person stands and moves
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Describe a person with a Yang bearing and what it indicates.
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Patient is active, likes to lie supine and extend and stretch. Indicates exterior, heat and excessive syndrome.
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Describe a person with a Yin bearing and what it indicates.
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Patient is inactive, likes to lie curled up, closed. Indicates interior, cold and deficient syndrome.
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How would insufficient Yin and/or Blood to nourish tendons and channels manifest?
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Tremors in finger, toes, lips and eyelids.
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How would flaccid syndrome or wind-stroke manifest?
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Weakness or paralysis of body parts.
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A detailed inspection is done of the head, ,ears, ,nose and ?
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neck,eyes,mouth
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Thinning, weakened, gray-white or original color getting lighter indicates what?
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Deficiency of kidney essence and/or Qi and Blood.
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What does alopecia indicate?
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Blood deficiency with attack by wind.
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What does a large loss of hair in a short period of time indicate?
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Severe disease or toxins, medicines (chemo) etc.
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What does a big head with small face and low intelligence indicate?
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Kidney essence deficiency with fluid retension.
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What does a small head with a round top and low intelligence indicate?
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Kidney essence deficiency.
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What does a square head in a child indicate?
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Rickets.
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If a child's fontanel closes after the child is two years old, what is indicated?
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Delayed development due to prenatal deficiency or postnatal malnutrition.
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If a child's fontanel is sunken, what does it indicate?
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Deficiency, possibly dehydration.
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If a child's fontanel protrudes, what does it indicate?
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Excess such as high body temperature or cranial pressure.
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Involuntary shaking of the head indicates what?
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Liver wind.
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A goiter is a visible enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck. True or False
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False. Goiter is the visible enlargement of the thyroid gland.
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If a person gains weight easily and has low energy it may indicate Hypothyroidism. what would the TCM diagnosis be?
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Spleen deficiency with stagnation of phlegm and QI
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If a person has weight loss, feels hot and sweaty, has palpitations and is restless it may indicate Hyperthyroidism. What would the TCM diagnosis be?
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Qi and Yin deficiency.
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Enlarged lymph node may indicate what?
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viral or bacterial infection, TB or a tumor.
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Scrofula is TB affecting the lymph nodes which may have no symptoms. What would the TCM diagnosis be?
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Lung and Kidney Yin deficiency,
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An enlarged lymph node that has no pain on palpation and is hard and fixed may indicate what?
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A malignant tumor- secondary cancer site
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A painful enlarged lymph node may indicate what?
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A nearby infection - Wind-Heat
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A stiff neck is rigid and a wry neck is ....?
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Tilted
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What is indicated by the following lip colors: Pale
Bright Red Deep/Purplish red |
Pale-Defic. Qi and Blood
Bright Red- Defic. heat Deep/Purplish Red- excessive heat |
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What is the manifestation of stagnated heat in the Spleen and Stomach?
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Cold sores.
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What is the manifestation of damp-heat or Yin defic. in Spleen and Stomach?
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Canker sores.
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What is a possible manifestation of Stomach heat?
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red and swollen gums with pain or bleeding.
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Chronic mildly swollen gums with pain or bleeding indicate what?
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Deficient heat.
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Five Zangs have their corresponding part in the eye, what are these called?
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The five wheels.
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Name the five wheels.
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canthus -Blood wheel- Heart
sclera- Qi wheel- Lung cornea- wind wheel- Liver pupil- water wheel- Kidney eyelids- muscle wheel- Spleen |
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Redness in the whole eye indicates what?
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Liver wind-heat.
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Redness in the other parts of the eye indicate what?
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Heat in the corresponding Zang.
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Yellow sclera indicates what?
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Jaundice due to dampness.
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What is indicated by the following eye forms:sunken, swollen,protruding.
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sunken-insufficient fluid
swollen-edema protruding-hyperthyroidism |
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Eyeballs turning upwards indicates what?
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Liver wind
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Pupils size and reaction to light can indicate what?
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tumor or concussion.
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Kidneys open to the ears.
Name the colors of the ear and what they indicate. |
Pale white-cold syndrome
Blue-black- pain Thin & dry- defic. of KD essence Dry & blackish-deple. of KD essenc. Yellow or white dischar.- D-H stagnating in LV/GB |
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Lungs open to the nose.
The nose is closely linked to what two meridians? |
Spleen and Stomach
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A red, swollen nose with pimples indicates what?
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Stagnated heat in Lung and Stomach.
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Conditions of edema,dryness and squamous/scaly skin indicate what?
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edema- overflow of water or accum. of dampness.
Dryness- insuff. of body fluids or Blood. squam/scaly- defic and stasis of Blood |
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Macula are raised, discolored spots on the skin. True or False?
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False. they are not elevated above the level of the skin.
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What causes Yang macula?
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Exogenous warm-heat entering Ying-Blood and propelling Blood to overflow causing bright or purple red spots with fever,dysphoria and rapid pulse.
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What causes Yin macula?
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Deficient Qi failing to control bloow and causing it to overflow its vessels. Light or dull purple spots with pale complexion and tongue,weak pulse.
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Papula are small or large solid elevation of the skin that does not contain pus. True or false?
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True
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Give three example of papula.
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Measles- wind-heat
Rubella- wind-heat Uticaria- ext. wind/Blood defic. or internal D-H |