Diag. Sampling/ Admin Medical Catheters .

Front 1

How to take a venous blood sample:

Back 1

Clean site with alcohol soaked cotton swab, release pressure on syringe, and draw back, if there is flash back sontinue to draw, if not then reroute under the skin.

Front 2

Blood sample collection
What equip do you need?

Back 2

alcohol soaked cotton ball
syringe with appropriate needle size

Front 3

Needle size : pros and cons:

Back 3

get bl. sample faster and prevent lab return, don't hemolyze blood sample.
25 gauge small:, heartworms,feline leukemia, check for bl. glucose (will hemolyze blood sample easily) diabetes
25-20 cats and dogs
20-22 for bl. sample, 20 to prenet hemolysis, but 22 for sm. veins like daschunds to prevent vein damage. 1-6ml syringe.
18-16 for horse:
larger the number the smaller the needle.
Occlude vein w/ torniquet or digital pressure. wipe alcohol soaked cotton ball to id. vein. bevel face up and slowly draw up, retract and collect blood. apply digital pressure to stick site.
(Use 20 guage for jugular no smaller than a 22.)

Front 4

Vacutainer collection device
advantage, indication, sites most frequently used in cats and dogs.

Back 4

Adv. need 2 tubes w/ 1 stick (multiple samples w/ a good stick)
Disadv: 1.sm. cat, suction collapse vein 2. Must be under skin to not lose vacuum. 3. need special type of needle.

dog: cephalic, jugular, and lateral saphenous
cat: medial saphenous, femoral vein.

Front 5

How to inject from roly poly veins.

Back 5

Lay thumb on one side of vein and inject parallel to vein.

Front 6

Stumbling blocks encountered in the blood drawing process:

Back 6

1.The vein keeps rolling away. lay thumb on one side, to tighten jugular skin in area.
2. the vein collapses when I pull back on the plunger, pull back slower not too hard.
3. The needle tip becomes ocluded by the vessel wall. divert rotate needle a little bit. Sucking to wall.
4. Inadequate blood flow into the vein, use foot as pumps, pump foot. while needle is inside.

(anesthesia decrease bl. pressure vein collapse likely.)

Front 7

Cephalic venipuncture
Why start low?
how long do I hold off?

Back 7

!. b/c if it blows you can go up higher and draw from vein.
2. 10-20 secs and make sure it clots.
Dont send a dog home with a bandage unless you let the owner know about it.

Front 8

Jugular stick: Indications for, id jug vein, is it okay to bend the needle, how long to off, can i go to deep, what happens if i do?

Back 8

1. large amounts,sm/ needles lysis the bl. sample
2. pressurize the thoracic inlet, vein rises and drops.
3. Somtimes it's harder to get in area, yes, but can lysis sample.
4. 30 secs, b/c it's a bigger vein.
5. yes, carotid aretery, spurts bright red. take needle off, don;t inject in carotid.
*okay to have someone else get veins (3 stick rule)

Front 9

Lateral saphenous vein:
Indications:
Pros:
Cons:

Back 9

Good for aggressive animals located on lateral aspect of leg.
2. pro:away from teeth and mouth, roly poly vein, only sm. amounts.
3. con : can put sm. butterfly catheters to pull samples all day to monitor glucose level.

Front 10

Medial saphenous or femoral vein:
Indications:
Pros:
Cons:

Back 10

Stretch cat out
1. aggressive cat, teeth 1st line of defense
2. keep away from face,
3.not too deep, sm amounts of blood, roly poly vein.

Front 11

Arterial bl. sample:
Why would you want an arterial blood sample?
Locations for arterial blood sample:

Back 11

1. attain acid/ base balance: how well we are having tissue perfusion (oxygen saturation)
2no venous blood b/c it's carbon dioxide, arterial hurts.

Front 12

Collection:
Equip. needed:
collection sites:
Conscious animals.
unconscious animals:

Back 12

1. 1 ml. or tbc syringe. 25 guage: needs to be coated w/ heparin to prevent clotting. don't need to occlude
2.3. femoral artery, dorsal metatarsal area.
4. lingual artery (tongue)
brachial artery arm
radial artery front arm

Front 13

Femroal artery sample:
Procedure:
How long do I hold off:

Back 13

1. where femoral pulse is . place lateral recumbancy, pull awway mammary gland, introduce needle at 60* angle, rotate back and forth until needle hits artery. expel air out of syringe , put rubber stopper on needle to keep it aneorbic environment.
Hold off for several minutes to prevent hematoma.

Front 14

Dorsal metatarsal arterial sample
indication for:
procedure:

Back 14

heavy or obese can't palpate femoral artery.
2.lateral recumbancy extend hock, DMA is clipped and asceptically prepped. (light scrub and alcohol) 30* angle needle in top part foot.
(normal O2 saturation 98% for animal. 100% hooked up to machine.

Front 15

Intravenous Administration:
Sites:
how to administer:

Back 15

Directily into vein/ circulation
-2 things TPN and propofol, white that go in vein, otherwise clear w/ no precipitation, always read bottle.
*Take time giving, fast dose