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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The imunne system is disigned to do what?
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recognize, respond and destroy invading organisms
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The process of the immune system involves what?
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searching for foreign antigens that do not belong in the body and then destroy them
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Disease states arise as a result of various dysfunction of the immune system. Name 4
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-hypersensitivity reaction/allergies
-autoimmune disease -immunodeficiency disorders -allogeneic organ/tissue transplantation, graft versus host disease and rejection |
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Lymphoid tissues arise from what?
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Multipotential hematopoietic stem cells
-production originates in the yolk sac moving to the liver in the fetus and then to the bone marrow |
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Where do T lymphocytes originate?
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bone marrow
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When T lymphocytes move to the thymus, what happens?
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they undergo differentiation that involves the selection of non-self reactive cells
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T lymphocytes undergo genetic programming of what?
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T-cell antigen receptor
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T lymphocytes recognize what?
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antigens presented by molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as HLA
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Surface markers-explain each
-CD -CD3 -CD4 |
-cluster of differentiation
-found on vertually all T cells -found on 60% of CD3+ cells |
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T lymphocytes are helper cells that direct the function of other cells by secreting what?
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cytokines
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What are the two distinct subpopulations of CD4+ helper cells?
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-Th1
-Th2 |
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Tell me about Th1?
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secrete IL2 and IFN-v-facilitate macrophage activity
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Tell me about Th2?
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secrete IL4 and IL5-direct synthesis of antibodies
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Where is CD8 found?
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30% of CD3+ cells
-exhibit cytotoxic and suppressor activity in the immune response |
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CD4+ cells require the presence of what?
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MHC II molecules
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CD8+ cells require the presence of what?
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MHC I molecules
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What lymphocytes make up 20-30% of peripheral lymphocytes in the blood?
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B-lymphocytes
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Where are B lymphocytes mainly found?
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-bone marrow
-lymph nodes -spleen -other lymphatic tissue |
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Where does differentation of B lymphocytes occur?
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in the bone marrow and at peripheral locations
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Antigenic stimulation of B lymphocytes leads to what?
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formation of plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulins as the bsis of specificity in humoral immunity
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What does B cell antigen receptor comples use as the antigen binding component?
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immunoglobulin M
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B cells also have surface receptors for complement (CD21), which is also what?
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receptor for EBV and for the Fc region of immunoglobulins
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APC are macrophages that function as what?
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mononuclear phagocytes in inflammation
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Dendritic cells and Langerhans cell have extensive dendritic cytoplasmic porcesses that are rich in what molecules?
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MHC class II
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APC cells are probably not what?
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phagocytic
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Natural Killer Cells are neither ___ nor ___ cells.
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T nor B cells
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Natural Killer cells do what to other cells w/out prior sensitization?
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lyse them
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Natural Killer cells are characterized by what surface markers?
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CD 16 and CD 56
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What is CD16?
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the receptor for IgG and NK cells can lyse cells coated w/ antibody
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Natural Killer cells are recognized as what on blood smear?
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large granular lymphocytes
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Humoral factors appear where?
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at mucosal surfaces or respiratory and GI tracts
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What are the major immunoglobulins?
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M,G and A
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What is the major type of humoral factor at surfaces?
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IgA
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Where does IgD reside?
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on B cell surface and may be involved in signal transduction
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What does IgE do?
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binds to surface of basophils and stimulates the release of vasoactive substances
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How to immunoglobulins work?
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by fattacing to antigens on the surface of fogeign cells, bacteria, viruses, etc
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How do immunoglobulins facilitate destruction?
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through nonspecific effectors such as complement and NK cell activiation
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What is a set of interacting proteins which have a role in enxymatically destroying tragets to which may have been directed by antibodies or through other means?
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complement
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What are the 2 measurements of complement components have two majro utilities in clinical diagnosis?
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-to detect congenital deficiencies
-to detect acquired reductions |
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What are cytokines?
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soluble, short acting mediators of immune response
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Where are cytokines produced?
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by various cells
-act on different cell types -can act in an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine function |
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What are 4 actions of cytokines?
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1-Hematopoiesis-colony stimulating factor
2-natural immune responses 3-stimulation of lymph node growth and maturation 4-activation of nonspecific inflammatory cells |
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HLAs are encoded where?
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chromosome 6
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HLA includes what molecules?
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class I and II
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What HLAs used for?
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-matching potential organ and tissue donors
-typing patients and families affected by some diseases that have a genetic component |
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Type 1 Immune Reaction
1-antibody 2-antigen 3-response time 4-appearance 5-histology 6-transferred with 7-examples |
1-IgE
2-exogenous 3-15-30 minutes 4-wheal and flare 5-basophils & eosinophils 6-antibody 7-allergic rxn |
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Type 2 Immune Reaction
1-antibody 2-antigen 3-response time 4-appearance 5-histology 6-transferred with 7-examples |
1-IgG, IgM
2-cell surface 3-minute-hours 4-lysis and necrosis 5-antibody & complement 6-antibody 7-Good pasture's nephritis, erythroblastosis fetalis |
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Type 3 Immune Reaction
1-antibody 2-antigen 3-response time 4-appearance 5-histology 6-transferred with 7-examples |
1-IgG, IgM
2-soluble 3-3-8 hrs 4-erythema, edema, necrosis 5-complement & neutrophils 6-antibody 7-SLE, farmer's lung |
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Type 4 Immune Reaction
1-antibody 2-antigen 3-response time 4-appearance 5-histology 6-transferred with 7-examples |
1-none
2-tissues and organs 3-47-72 hrs 4-erythema and induration 5-monocytes & lymphocytes 6-T-cells 7-TB test, poison ivy, granulomas |
