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10 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Sulfonylurea (Glipizide/Glyburide/Glimepiride)

Increases insulin produced by beta cells. Must eat on schedule. May cause hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Meglitinide/Repaglinide/Nateglinide (Prandin/Starlix)

Stimulate beta cells to make insulin. Take just before eating.


Less potential for hypoglycemia than sulfonylureas.

Biguanide (metformin/glucophage)

Stops liver from making glucose. May help reduce hunger/weight loss. Do not use with renal impairment.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose/Precose; Miglitol/Glyset)

Inhibit body from breaking down carbohydrates by blocking enzymes. Must take before each meal.

Thiazolidinediones/TZDs/Glitazones (Actos/Pioglitazone; Avandia/Rosiglitazine)

Lowers insulin resistance by producing new fat cells that are more sensitive to insulin.

Gliptins/DPP-4 inhibitors (Januvia)

prevents destruction of GLP-1. Allows more insulin to be released.

GLP-1 Mimetics (Byetta/Exanitide/Victoza or Liraglutide)

Is not destroyed by DPP-4 enzyme. Body produces more insulin.May speed/increase satiety leading to weight loss.

Amylin analog (Pramlintide/Symlin)

Reduces glucagon levels which reduces glucose production. Can take with insulin

SGLT2 Inhibitor (canagliozin/Invokana)

Blocks glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing secretion through urine; increases insulin sensitivity in muscles; may lead to weight loss; not rec for pt with renal disease.

Insulin types