Diabetes Type 1

Front 1

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Back 1

frequency in pop: .5%
Geo: N Europe, Third world
Ethnicity: less important
onset age: young, early teens
weight: normal to decreased
Fam Hx: uncommon
Insulin: required for survival
Ketosis: common
Abs: 90%, Islet cell abs, Glutamate decarboxlase abs, Insulin autoabs
Insulin, C-peptide: none
HLA: DR 3/4 DQ 2/8
Microvascular comp: Up to 40%
Macrovascular comp: some risk

Front 2

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Back 2

frequency in pop: 5%
Geo: western 3rd W. low rural
Ethnicity: Native Amer, Island
onset age: older
weight: increased 80% obese
Fam Hx: Common
Insulin: often not nessary
Ketosis: rare
Abs: no
Insulin, C-peptide: elevated
HLA: none
Microvascular comp: 5%
Macrovascular comp: increased risk

Front 3

DDx Insulin Deficient

Back 3

pancreatectomy
pancreatitis
alchol
hemochromotosis
cystic fibrosis
MODY
Type I diabeties, autoimmune, idiopathic.

Front 4

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)

Back 4

early onset
autosomal dominance
partial insulin deficiency
glucokinase and b-cell Tfactors

Front 5

Short Term Complications of Type I Diabetes

Back 5

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, weakness/fatigue,

blurred vision, increased infections, Hyperosmolarity
DKA

Front 6

Long Term Complications of Type I Diabetes

Back 6

Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Nephropathy Necrosis, acidosis, proteinuria
Peripheral neuropathys, autominc dysfuction
MI, Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic ulcers, amputations
Charcot joint

Front 7

DKA: Clinical Features

Back 7

Kussmauls breathing why?
volume loss, hyperglycmia
epi reliease, makes it worse
depressed levels of conciousness
hypotension, tachycardia, fruiyoder on breathe
hihg glucose, reduced bicarb

TX: insulin replacement, restoration of water and electrolyte imbalance

Front 8

steps to reduce complications of TYPE I Diabetes

Back 8

1. prevent short/long term comp.
2. insulin injections, pumps
3. Monitering, Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin HbA1C