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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type I Diabetes Mellitus
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frequency in pop: .5%
Geo: N Europe, Third world Ethnicity: less important onset age: young, early teens weight: normal to decreased Fam Hx: uncommon Insulin: required for survival Ketosis: common Abs: 90%, Islet cell abs, Glutamate decarboxlase abs, Insulin autoabs Insulin, C-peptide: none HLA: DR 3/4 DQ 2/8 Microvascular comp: Up to 40% Macrovascular comp: some risk |
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus
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frequency in pop: 5%
Geo: western 3rd W. low rural Ethnicity: Native Amer, Island onset age: older weight: increased 80% obese Fam Hx: Common Insulin: often not nessary Ketosis: rare Abs: no Insulin, C-peptide: elevated HLA: none Microvascular comp: 5% Macrovascular comp: increased risk |
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DDx Insulin Deficient
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pancreatectomy
pancreatitis alchol hemochromotosis cystic fibrosis MODY Type I diabeties, autoimmune, idiopathic. |
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Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
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early onset
autosomal dominance partial insulin deficiency glucokinase and b-cell Tfactors |
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Short Term Complications of Type I Diabetes
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Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, weakness/fatigue,
blurred vision, increased infections, Hyperosmolarity DKA |
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Long Term Complications of Type I Diabetes
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Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Nephropathy Necrosis, acidosis, proteinuria Peripheral neuropathys, autominc dysfuction MI, Cardiomyopathy Ischemic ulcers, amputations Charcot joint |
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DKA: Clinical Features
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Kussmauls breathing why?
volume loss, hyperglycmia epi reliease, makes it worse depressed levels of conciousness hypotension, tachycardia, fruiyoder on breathe hihg glucose, reduced bicarb TX: insulin replacement, restoration of water and electrolyte imbalance |
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steps to reduce complications of TYPE I Diabetes
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1. prevent short/long term comp.
2. insulin injections, pumps 3. Monitering, Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin HbA1C |
