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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A hormone produced by the beta cells n the islets of Langerhans of th e pancreas.
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insulin
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Under normal conditions insulin is continuously released into the blood stream in small pulsatile increments called
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a basal rate.
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Under normal conditions insulin is continuously released into the blood stream in small pulsatile increments called a basal rate with increased release when food is ingested called a
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a bolus.
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the activity of released insulin lowers blood glucose and facilitates a stable, normal glucose range of aproximately
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70-120 mg/dl
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Glucagon, Epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol work to oppose the effects of insulin and are often referred to as
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counterregulatory hormones.
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These hormones work to:
-Increase blood glucose by stimulating glucose production and output by the liver -Decreasing the movement of glucose into the cells |
counterregulatory hormones
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Often called prediabetes, usually occurs when the alteration of beta cell function is mild. Blood glucose levels are not higher than normal but not enough for diabetes diagnosis.
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Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
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CHARACTERIZED BY:
-ELEVATED INSULIN LEVELS -HIGH LEVELS OF OF TRIGLYCERIDES -DECREASED LEVELS OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDLs) -INCREASED LEVELS OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (LDLs) -HYPERTENSION |
INSULIN RESISTANT SYNDROME
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IF A PATIENT WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES HAS MARKED HYPERGLYCEMIA (50-1000MG/dL a sufficient endogenous insulin supply my prevent
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DKA from occurring. However, osmotic fluid and electrolyte loss related to hyperglycemia may become sever and lead to hyperosmolar coma.
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detected at 24-28 weeks of gestation and usually following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
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Gestational Diabetes
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CUSHINGS SYNDROME, HYPERTHYROIDISM AND THE USE OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION MAY CAUSE
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SECONDARY DIABETES
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CORTICOSTEROIDS (PREDNISONE), PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN), AND ATYPICAL ANTYPSYCHOTICS (E.G. CLOZAPINE [CLOZAPRIL]) ARE KNOWN TO INDUCE
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DIABETES.
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CLASSIC SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS ARE
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POLYURIA (FREQUENT URINATION)
POLYDIPSIA (EXCESSIVE THIRST) POLYPHAGIA (EXCESSIVE HUNGER) |
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POLYPHAGIA IS A CONSEQUENCE OF
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CELLULAR MALNOURISHMENT
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