Diabetes Mellitus

Front 1

3 rapid-acting insulins

Back 1

lispro/Humalog
aspart/NovaLog
glulisine/Apidra

Front 2

onset time of rapid-acting insulins

Back 2

15 min

Front 3

peak time of rapid-acting insulins

Back 3

60-90 min

Front 4

duration of rapid-acting insulins

Back 4

3-4 hrs

Front 5

which insulins most closely mimic natural insulin secretion

Back 5

rapid-acting:
lispro/Humalog; aspart/NovaLog; glulisin/Apidra

Front 6

how long before a meal should rapid-acting insulins be injected?

Back 6

0-15 min

Front 7

2 long-acting insulins

Back 7

glargine/Lantus
detemir/Levemir

Front 8

how many times/day are long-acting insulins admin'd?

Back 8

1x

Front 9

why do long-acting insulins have a greatly reduced risk of hypoglycemia

Back 9

lack a peak time

Front 10

which insulins should not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin/soln?

Back 10

long-acting:
glargine/Lantus
detemir/Levemir

Front 11

which insulins do not cover postprandial blood sugars

Back 11

long-acting:
glargine/Lantus
detemir/Levemir

Front 12

what is the onset of long-acting insulins?

Back 12

1-2 hrs

Front 13

what is the duration of long-acting insulins

Back 13

24 hrs

Front 14

what is the peak of long-acting insulins

Back 14

none pronounced

Front 15

what is the most physiological approach of insuling admin?

Back 15

basal-bolus of rapid-acting insuling b/f meals & 1x/day dose of long-acting (usually at HS)

Front 16

oral agents (OAs) work on what 3 defects of DM-2?

Back 16

- insulin resistance
- decreased insulin production
- increased hepatic gluc. production

Front 17

which class/drug is frequently the drug of choice in treating DM-2 b/c of decreased chance of prolonged hypoglycemia?

Back 17

sufonylureas:
glipizide/Glucotrol

Front 18

glipizide/Glucotrol's primary action is to what?

Back 18

increase insulin production from pancreas

Front 19

repaglinide/Prandin & nateglinide/Starlix are what class of OA?

Back 19

meglitinides

Front 20

these 2 meglitinides - when taken just b/f meals, increase pancreatic insulin production during & after the meal

Back 20

repaglinide/Prandin & nateglinide/Starlix

Front 21

this class of OA mimicks the normal blood glucose response to eating by increasing insuing production during and after a meal

Back 21

meglitinides:
repaglinide/Prandin
mateglinide/Starlix

Front 22

this class of OA s/b taken from 30 min b/f, right up to the meal

Back 22

meglitinides:
repaglinide/Prandin
mateglinide/Starlix

Front 23

this OA should not be taken if a meal is skipped

Back 23

meglitinides:
repaglinide/Prandin
mateglinide/Starlix

Front 24

metformin/Glucophage is this class of OA

Back 24

biguanides

Front 25

this OA class/drug can be used alone or w/ sulfonylureas/other OAs/insulin

Back 25

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 26

this OA class/drug reduces glucose production by liver

Back 26

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 27

this OA class/drug inhances insulin sensitivity & improves glucose transport into cells

Back 27

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 28

this OA class/drug does not promote wt. gain (like sulfonylureas)

Back 28

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 29

this OA class/drug can be used in prevention of DM-2 in Pts w/ prediabetes - - esp. obese/genetically predisposed

Back 29

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 30

this OA class/drug has beneficial effects on lipid levels

Back 30

biguanides:
metformin/Glucophage

Front 31

these OAs are considered "starch blockers"

Back 31

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset

Front 32

this OA class/meds work by slowing the absorption of carbs in the sm. intestine

Back 32

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset

Front 33

this OA class/meds s/b taken w/ 1st bite of ea. meal

Back 33

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset

Front 34

this OA class/meds are most effective at lowering postprandial blood glucose

Back 34

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset

Front 35

this OA class/meds are not effective against fasting hyperglycemia

Back 35

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset

Front 36

the effectiveness of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:
acarbose/Precose
miglitol/Glyset is measured by checking what?

Back 36

2hr. postprandial glucose levels

Front 37

this OA class/meds are "insulin sensitizers"

Back 37

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 38

this OA class meds are most effective for people with insulin resistance

Back 38

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 39

this OA class/meds improve insulin sensitivity/transport/utilization

Back 39

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 40

this OA class/meds will not cause hypoglycemia when used alone b/c not increasing insulin production

Back 40

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 41

this OA class/med may offer the 2nd benefit of improved BP & lipid levels

Back 41

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 42

this OA class/med can cause edema, so should not use in Pts with heart failure

Back 42

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia

Front 43

when using this OA class/meds in addition to sulfonylurea/insulin - it increased the risk of hypoglycemia

Back 43

thiazolidinediones:
pioglitazone/Actos
rosiglitazone/Avandia