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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus
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Insulin cell receptor defects
Metabolism disturbance of carbs, proteins, & lipids |
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Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of
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Adult blindness
End Stage Renal Disease Non-Traumatic Lower Limb Amputations Risk for cardio death = 2 - 4 x's higher Disk for stroke = 2 - 4 x's higher |
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Types Of Diabetes
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Type 1: 5-10%
Type 2: 90% adults/kids Gestation: Prego Induced IGT: Impaired Glucose Tolerance |
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Diagnosis criteria for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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3 P's
Casual PG >200mg/dl Fasting PG >/=126mg/dl and repeat 3 P's 2 Hour PG >/=200mg/dl during OGTT |
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The Three P's
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Polydipsia - Excessive Thirt
Polyuria - Excessive Urination Polyphagia - Excessive Hunger |
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Reason for type 1 diabetes
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Damage to beta cells of the pancreas
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Autoimmune response for type 1 caused by
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Genetic Predisposition
Viral infections Environmental Stimuli Unknown Stimuli |
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Intesive therapy for type 1 includes
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Insulin > 3x day
Self monitoring >/= 4x day Dietary Intake Anticipate Exercise |
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Conventional Thereapy for type 1 includes
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Insulin 1-2x day
Self monitor urine or blood glucose Client education on diet & exercercise |
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What to watch with exercise with type 1 diabetes
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Metabolic control before
BG monitoring prior to and after Food intake |
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Abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body caused by excessive breakdown of fatty acids
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Ketosis
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Adult diagnosis criteria for Type 2 Diabetes
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2 hr PG >/= 200mg/dl during OGTT
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Kids diagnosis criteria for Type 2 diabetes
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Overweight
Family History of type 2 Native, Black, Hispanic, Asian Signs of insulin resistance |
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Description of type 2 diabetes
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Gradual Onset of Polyuria
Gradual Onset of Polydipsia Easily Fatigued Frequent Infections (esp UTI's) Discovered w/ diagnosis of co-morbidity |
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Patho description of Type 2
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Insulin Resistance
Insulin Secretory Defect No Islet Cell Antibodies |
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Type 2 Risk factors
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Obesity
Family History Ethnicity |
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Management of Type 2
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Oral Agents
Exercise Diet Insulin |
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Criteria for use of insulin
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Considerations by physician
Severity of Diabetes Comorbidities Client |
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Assessment of Diabetic Client
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Phys Exam
Lab Findings Medication History Lifestyle Factors |
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Risk in diabetes
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Disturbed Thought Process
Impaired Skin Integrity Infection Injury Adult Failure to thrive Disturbed sensory perception Imbalanced Nutrition Ineffective Health Maintenance Ineffective therapeutic refimen Ineffective tissue perfusion Noncompliance Risk for unstable BG Sex Dysfunction Powerlessness |
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How to manage risks
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Attention to skin care
Glucose monitoring as ordered and prn Prompt treatment w/ meds Know clinical manifestations of hyper/hypoglycemia client education r/t al txs, meds, diet, activity, risks, ss of hyper/hypoglycemia Control |
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Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
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Hunger
Erratic Behavior confusion Trembling Shaking Cool / Clammy Skin Pale Skin Tone |
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Signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia
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Polyuria
Polydipsia Headache |
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Client education with diabetes
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Have podiatrist trim toenails
Monitor temp of bath water Protective footwear at all times |
