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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
rapid-acting insulin
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lispro
aspart |
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short-acting insulin
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regular
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intermediate-acting insulin
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NPH
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long-acting insulin
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glargine
detemir |
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what does insulin do?
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binds to the TK insulin receptor
affects which organs? |
liver: increase glucose uptake
mucle: increase glycogen and protein production fat: store TG |
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what do you give for life-threatening hyperkal?
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insulin
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toxicities of insulin?
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hypoglycemia
hypersens rxn |
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which insulin do you give for DKA?
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regular
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tolbutamide
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1st line sulfonyurea
name another: |
chlorpropamide
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second gen sulfonyureas
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glyburide
glipizide gllimepiride MOA |
bind to Katp recepotr and close K+ channels in b-cells so that cell depolarizes and releases insulin via Ca influx
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what type of receptor do sulfonyureas work on?
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membrane ion channel
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sulfonyureas cant be used for what type of patient
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DM1
what can you use regardless of islet function? |
metformin
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ADE of first-gen and second gen sulfonyureas:
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disulfuram-like rxn
hypoglycemia |
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metformin is what type of drug?
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biguanide
MOA? |
decrease gluconeogen
increase glycolysis increased periph insulin sensitivity |
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what type of ezyme does metformin affect?
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intracellular enzymes
what is metformin first-line therapy for? |
DM2
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ade of metformin?
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lactic acidosis
who can't get metformin? |
renal failure
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pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are what type of drug?
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glitazones/thazolidinediones
used as monotherapy for? |
DM2
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moa of glitizones?
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increase insulin sens of periph tissues (inc Glut-4 on adipocytes) increase adiponectin
binds to what? |
PPAR-gamma
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where is PPAR-gamma located?
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in the nucleus
what is it |
transcription regulator
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ADE of glitizones?
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weight gain
edema hepatotox HF one side effect you wont see? |
hypoglycemia
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acarbose is
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alpha-glucosidase
another is? |
miglitol
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MOA of alpha-glucosidase:
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inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidase [prevents disaccharide breakdown to delay absorption of carbs]
leading to: |
decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
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ADE of alpha-glucosidase?
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flatulence
bloating how can you prevent ADE? |
take with foods
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who can't take acarbose/miglitol?
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people with malabsoprtion issues
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pramlintide is a:
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mimetic
MOA? in who? |
decreases glucagon
DM2 |
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ade of mimetics?
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hypogly
nausea diarrhea |
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exenatide is a?
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GLP-1 analog
MOA? how given? |
incretin analog , increases insulin and decreases glucagon release [increases satiety]
subcut, 60 minutes after first and last meal of day |
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ADE of exenatide?
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NV
pancreatitis |
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PPAR-gamma codes for:
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adioponectin
what is adiopenctin? |
cytokine secreted by fat cells
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how does adiponectin help treat DM2
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this is how glitazones decrease insulin resistance
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incretin is excreted by... in response to...
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small intestine
in response to food intake |
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how do GLP-1 decrease glucose
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induce satiety and decreasing gastic emptying
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where are GLP-1 receptors located?
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cell surface
associated with which second messanger? |
cGMP
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who you give GLP-1 drugs to?
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patients with suboptimal blood glucose control
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which drugs do enzyme activation?
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metformin
alpha-glucosidase inhib |
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what do sulfonyureas do to beta cells?
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bind to Katp channels to force them to close, depolarize the cell and release insulin!
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