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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what age does type 1 usually occur?
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before 30
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how does type 1 occur?
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genetic, unknown
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clinical manifestations of type 1
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weight loss
fatigue |
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symptoms of DKA
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sudden weight loss
nausea vomiting abdominal pain |
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what means you have pre diabetes?
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higher than fasting glucose
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what age do are you at risk for developing type 2
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above 45
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DM is the leading cause for what three things?
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non trauma amputations
blind End stage Renal fail |
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which type is polygenic?
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2
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which can be prevented/delayed?
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2
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which is more prevalent for elders?
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2
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which ethnicities have highest risk?
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AA
american indians |
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how is insulin released?
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anabolic hormone by beta cells in pancreas
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released at a _____ to maintain ___ levels.
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basal rate
BG |
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secretion increases when...
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we eat
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what does insulin do?
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transport glucose
stop glucose, stop liver! accelerates amino into cells |
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when decreased BG what happens.. what is stimulated?
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glucagon.. to release glucose from liver
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insufficient amount of insulin probably is from what.
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fatigued pancreatic beta cells
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what 3 things define T2
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insuff. insulin
resistant high glucose |
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MS
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group of conditions that raise risk for DM or CAD
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MS conditions (name 4)
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HTN
Belly fat High Tris Low HDLs |
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pt is fatigued, weight loss, ketoacidosis, 3ps quickly
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type 1
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tired, lots of UTIs, cant see, wont heal bruise
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Type 2
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postive FPG test
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above 125
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positive OGTT test
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above 200
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when should exercise be avoided
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BG over 250
ketones in urin |
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sulfs do what?
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release insulin
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hypoglycemic, nausea, weight gain... might be which drug?
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sulf
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megs do what?
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release insulin
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when give megs? very important
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at meal or min 30 min before
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hypoglycemic and weight gain pt may be taking?
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megs
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bigs do what (3)
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decrease glucose
enhance insulin sensitivity glucose goes fast! |
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metformin is a what?
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big
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pt has lactic acidosis, hypoglycemic by taking a meg also and renal failure.. likely taking what?
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bigs
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insulin sensitizer drug
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thia's
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thia's do what?
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stimulate receptors
improve lipid profile and BP |
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pts with type 2/iresistant give what best?
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thia's
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some has edema, weight gain, anemia, and when taking insulin experiences hypoglycemia. Also doctor says may become pregnant. what has he perscribed?
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thia's
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DDP-4 do what?
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inhibit incretin hormone
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no incretin does what?
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increase insulin and decrease glucose
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pt has low resp rate, apnea, HA, and GI issues may be taking...
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DDP4
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starch blockers are..
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alpha-glu
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alpha glu do what?
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delay carb absorp
slow glucose entry |
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want to lower post prandial give what?
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alpha glu
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what time to give alpha glu's?
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first bite
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cold wet and anxious...
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hypogly
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hypoglycemic
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too little insulin
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hyperglycemic
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too much food
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hot dry GI
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hypergly
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when to treat hypogly?
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BG below 70
food or IV |
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what can too many episodes of hypo cause?
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memory and learning impairment
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what macrovascular complications cause?
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CAD
MI vascular disease |
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how to prevent MV complications, what labs or control factors?
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HTN control
lipid levels |
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what kidney disorder are DM pts bound to have?
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ESRF
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nephorpathy treated with.. (2)
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ACE inhibitors
microalbumin checks- yearly! |
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how do we get neuropathy?
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wasted glucose metabolism products cause nerve damage
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what time of day is best for DM pt to have surgery?
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early morning
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managing sick day
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BG every 2-3 hrs.
continuous meds fluids every 15-30 min carb every 3-4 hrs BG >250 check ketones and call MD |
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when are ketones scary what do we do and how often do we check?
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>250- call MD- q2-3 hrs.
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