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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the s/s of diabetes 1
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a) thirst
b) polyuria c) polyphagia d) fatigue e) wt loss |
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what are 5 risk factors for type 2 diabetes
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a) insulin resistance
b) decreased ability to produce insulin c) inappropriate glucose production by the liver d) altered production in adipokines e)metabolic syndrome |
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what is the name of teh insulin inhaler and what kind of acting is it
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exubera (fast acting)
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what is the dawn phenomenon
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hyperglycemia that is present on awakening in the morning due to the release of counterregulatory hormones in predawn hours
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oral diabetic agents work on what 3 defects?
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1. insulin resistance
2. decreased insulin production 3. increased hepatic glucose production |
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what is the drug of choice for diabetics 2 and why
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sulfonylureas b/c it has a decreased chance of prolonged hypoglycemia
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what is the primary action of sulfonylureas?
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to increase insulin production from the pancreas
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what does repaglinide do?
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it increase insulin production from the pancreas
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metformin is what kind of agent?
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a biguanide glucose lowering agent
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what does metformin do?
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reduce glucose production by the liver
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a-glucosidase inhibitors "starch blockers" work by?
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slowing down the absoprtion of carbs in the small intestines
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what is thiazolidinediones sometimes referred as?
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insulin sensitizers
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thiazolidinediones are most effective for what kinds of people?
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the insulin resistant people
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How does thiazolidinediones work?
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they improve insulin sensitivity, transport, and utilization at target tissues
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pramlintide is what kind of hormone?
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it is a synthetic analog of human amylin secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas
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what should pramlintide be taken with?
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insulin for better glucose control
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what is exanatide?
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a synthetic peptide
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what does exanatide do?
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it stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells
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how is exanatide administered?
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subcut
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what is teh emphasis for nutritional therapy for type 2 diabetes?
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achieving glucose, lipid, and bp goals
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Carbs and monounsaturated fat should provide __ of total energy intake per day?
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45-65%
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Fat in diabetic diet should not be more than __of the meal's total calories
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25-30%
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How much calories from saturated fat is allowed in diabetic diet? How about protein?
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saturated fat:<7%
protein: <10% |
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what does exercise do for diabetes?
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it increases insulin receptor sites in tissues and have direct effect on lowering sugar levels
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what is the freq of monitoring dependent on?
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1. glycemic goals
2. type of diabetes 3. ability to perform test independently 4. pt willingness to test |
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what is DKA caused by and what is it characterized by (4)
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DKA: caused by deficiency of insulin.
a)hyperglycemia b)ketosis c) acidosis d) dehydration |
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what is the initial goal in DKA?
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to establish IV therapy and begin fluid and electrolyte replacement
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autonomic neuropathy may lead to (4)
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1. unawareness
2. bowel incontinence 3. diarrhea 4. urinary retention |
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sensory neuropathy is a major risk factor for what?
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lower extremity amputation
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