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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are high yield clinical signs?
Low Yield? |
Chronic vomiting
Abdominal mass Diarrhea Weight loss Abdominal pain |
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What is vomiting?
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forceful expulsion of gastric contents
must be differentiated from regurgitation -passive -usually associated with the esophagus |
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What are causes of vomiting?
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-pyloric outflow obstruction
-bowel obstruction -Gastroenteritis -Biochemical alterations |
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What is ileus?
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commonly used word that means obstruction
needs to be preceded by an adjective -mechanical ileus -functional ileus |
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What are examples of functional ileus?
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-electrolyte imbalance
-ischemia -peritonitis -shock -toxin -narcotics |
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What are examples if mechanical ileus?
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-foreign body
-tumor -Scarring/adhesions -hernia -volvelus important to diagnose promptly |
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What does normal readiographic anatomy entail?
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contain gas, fluid or both
usually no foreign material but possible diameter height of L5 and 2X the width of rib in a dog Roughly 2xh height of central L4 and 12mm |
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What can not be assessed radiographically?
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-motility
-transit time (contrast medium) -mucosal margins -character of wall |
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What is the hallmark sign of an enlarged bowel?
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enlarged small intestine
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How can you tell the difference between mechanical and paralytic ileus?
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mechanical ileus is usually two populations of bowel
-normal -enlarged Degree of enlargement is usually greater than paralytic ileus - leads to stacking more gas in paralytic ileus |
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What is a gravel sign?
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collection of small intestine foreign material due to chronic partial obstruction
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What are linear foreign body?
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obstruction due to ingestion of linial material
-ribbon -string Bowel creeps along material creating classic bunching, plication or comma appearance Risk of perforation is high always check under the tongue |
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What are BIPS?
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Barium Impregnated Polyethylene Spheres
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What are upper GI examinations rarely done or rarely done well in practice?
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-not enough barium
-wrong type of barium -stopping too soon -anti motility drugs on board |
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What are examples of other Small intestine problems?
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-masses
--often not seen radiographically --US valuable here -infiltrative disease --LSA, parvo, lmphocytic-plasmocytic -no radiographic signs -US valuable here |
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Wht are indications to do a barium study?
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-persistent vomiting; cause unknown
-inconclusive radiographs -US not available low yeild reasons -abdominal pain -diarrhea -melena/hematemesis |
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What are upper GI countraindications?
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-obstructions
-ingesta in stomach of bowel -perforation -prior medication slowing GI function -subsequent endoscopy or US -very low yeild precedures -technique must be excellent |
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When do you stop a GI study?
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when the barium is in the colon or when you find what you are looking for
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What are the approximations for normal transit of barium?
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15 minutes barium in duodenum
30 minutes jejunum well filled 1-2 hours stomach empty 6 hours jejunum empty |
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What are normal variants for barium studies?
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canine pseudoulcers
fimbriations string of pearls (feline) |
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What are problems of a barium studies?
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-barium in lung
-stopping radiographs too soon -not enough barium -wrong kinda of barium -medications |
