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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What liver lobe can be seen in a dog?
Is this the same in the cat? |
Left lateral lobe
no right lateral lobe seen |
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What does the left and right margin of the liver silhouette with?
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the abdominal wall
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What does the cranial margin of the liver silhouette with?
Ventral margin? |
the diaphragm
delineated die to faliciform fat |
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How is the gastric axis affected when there is hepatomegaly?
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the axis is rotated caudoventrally (liver is beyond costal arch)
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How is the gastric axis affected with microhepatica?
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Cranial displacement (congential abnormality)
cause by PSS or cirrhosis |
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What are some differential diagnosis for hepatomegaly?
Mineralization? |
-neoplasia
-granloma -cycts --choleliths (if focal) |
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How do the hepatic veins appear in relation to the parenchyma?
How about the portal veins? |
Isoechoic
Hyperechoic |
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What is the differential diagnoses of hyperchoic parenchyma?
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Diabetes mellitus
Hyperadrenocortiism hepatic lipidosis Lymphosarcoma portal vein will be less hyperechoic and not easily visualized |
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How do you confirm a mass found on ultrasound?
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biopsy
-sensitive test |
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What is used to assess the size of the liver?
What orientation should the stomach be in lateral view? VD? |
Position of the stomach
Parallel to the ribs Perpendicular to the 10-12th ribs |
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On ultrasound, what can it assess in the liver?
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parenchyma and focal lesions/enlargements
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What are differential diagnosis of a diffuse liver lesion with mixed echogenicity?
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lymphosarcoma
Cirrhosis Necrosis |
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What are the most likely differential diagnoses for focal lesions with mixed echogenicity?
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hematoma
abscess neoplasia |
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What is the abnormality of blood flow with a PSS?
Why is this a problem? Can you see a PSS on normal radiography? |
Blood goes from portal vein to caudal vena cava, without going through liver
Blood does not get detoxified No |
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What type of PSS is more likely in a large breed dog?
Small breed? How do you tell the difference on a radiographs? |
Intrahepatic
Extrahepatic Intrahepatic shunt will enter caudal vena cava cranial to T13, while extrahepatic will enter on or caudally to T13 |
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Do you see the spleen in the lateral view of a dog?
Cat? Where do you want to place your probe for a ultrasound? |
Yes
No Level of costal arch |
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Are splenic veins visible?
Is the capsule hyper or hypoechoic? |
No
Hyperechoic (brighter) |
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What is the four most common differential diagnoses of splenomegaly in the cat?
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1) Extramedullary hematopoesis
2) FIP 3) Lymphoma 4) Hemobartenella |
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What drugs can cause a diffuse splenomegaly?
Focal splenic enlargement? |
Phenothiazines and barbiturates
1) Hematoma 2) Abscess 3) Neoplasia |
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What is a classic sign of splenic torsion
Where is the spleen located in relation to the liver in the VD/DV view? |
enlarged spleen and gas in the parenchyma
below the stomach (caudal) |
