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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are 4 common causes of abdomen to be pendulous or rounded?
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ascites, obesity, hepatomegaly, cushings
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how can you diagnose a diaphragmatic rupture?
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abdominal viscera in the thorax
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what are some secondary radiographic changes that would suggest a ruptured diaphragm?
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absence of normal falciform fat
absence or cranial displacement of the liver and other viscera other signs of trauma such as rib fracture |
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what does periotoneal fluid do to serosal detail?
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reduces serosal margin detail and contrast
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when would peritoneal gas not be a problem
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after a recent surgery
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what will free abdominal air look like?
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triagular gas opacities
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how can free peritoneal air be confirmed?
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via a horizontal beam
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what will retroperitoneal do to the outline of the kidney
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obliterates the outline
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when there is a moderate to large volume of fluid in the retroperitoneal space, what gets displaced?
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causes ventral displacement of the GIT
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when will you usually see a pneumoretroperitonum?
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usually a result of psedumediastinum
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Where is the stomach located in a normal dog
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Cranial to the last pair of ribs but may extend caudal to the costal arch.
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Where is the axis of the stomach?
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From the fundus through the body and pylorus is perpendicular to the spine or parallel to the ribs (10th ICS)
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Can stomach and intestinal wall thickness be assessed with rads?
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No use contrast or ultrasound
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What should the small intestines diameter not exceed
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1.6 times the height of the center of the fifth lumbar vertebral body
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Where will dilation of the small intestine occur in relation to a lesion?
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Proximal
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What can happen with an obese cat
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Sm int can be asymmetrically positioned in the right mid abdomen
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Where is the cecum generally located?
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Right to the midline of L2 and L3
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Can you see a gas filled cecum in the cat?
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No
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What can you tell about the liver radiographically?
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Size, shape, location, and opacity
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What should the caudoventral aspect Of the liver look like?
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Sharply marginated
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Where is gallbladder located?
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To the right of the midline
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Can you see the gallbladder on rads
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No it has the same density as the liver, it is silhoetted
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Where is the proximal aspect of the spleen located
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It is always on the right side, it is fixed by the gastrosplenic ligament
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Where does the tail of the spleen hang out
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Wherever it moves around but on a VD view will be seen as a traingular soft tissue opacity Vaud lateral to the gastic fundus and crank lateral to the left
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On a lateral view how does the tail of the spleen look?
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Triangular, soft tissue opacity immediately caudal and slightly ventral to the pylorus or liver
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What are the most common tissues for masses in the mid abdomen
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Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, mesenteric cysts, or eccentric intestinal masses
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What are carinomatosis
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Dogs-multiple small soft tissue nodules within peritoneum. Cats with carcinomatosis typically have ascites and nodules that cannot be seen
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When looking for dog kidneys what
Do you expect to see? |
Left kidney and only the right pole of the kidney
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When looking for cat kidneys, what do you expect to see?
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Both kidneys
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How big should dog kidneys be
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2.5-3.5 times the length of the second vertebrae
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How big should feline kidneys be?
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2 to 3 times the length of the second lumbar vertebrae
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Should the kidneys look heterogeneous
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No they should be homo and smooth
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What is the shape of a normal canine bladder?
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Pear
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What is the shape of a normal feline bladder?
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Rounded
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When should you be concerned about bladder size?
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When the urinary bladder extends cr to umbilicus
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