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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
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The categories of treatment for oral maxillofacia surgery include...
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Categories of treatment...
- dentoalveolar surgery - infection - traumatic injury - neoplasm - implant placement/ pre-prosthetic reconstruction - orthognathic surgery - cleft lip/ palate; TMD, salivary obstruction |
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When preparing a patient for oral maxillofacial surgery some of the objectives include
1. reduce bacterial count 2. reduce inflammation 3. remove calculus 4. instruction in presurgical personal oral care procedures ~ why do you want to make sure these are objective in pt preparation?? |
Objectives...
1. Reduce bacterial count - aids in aseptic field during surgery& less likely to have postsurgery infection 2. reduce inflammation- to lessen bleeding @ time of surgery & promote postsurgery healing 3. Remove calculus- to remove source of biofilm retention and thus improve gingival tissue tone, to prevent interference w/ placement of surgical instrument, and prevent calculus piece from breaking away which has danger of inhaling 4. Instruction presurgery oral personal oral care- reduce inflammation and thus improve tissue tone & help prepare pt for postsurgical care |
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When preparing a patient for oral maxillofacial surgery some of the objectives include
5. Instruct in Use of Food 6. Interpret the dentist's directions 7. motivation for retention of remaining teeth ~ why do you want to make sure these are objective in pt preparation?? |
Objectives...
5. Instruct in use of food- for pt w/ complete or partial denture inserted, the importance of diet containing all essential food groups is emphasized. 6. Interpret Dentist's Directions- explanation is needed for immediate presurgical preparation w/ respect to rest and dietary limitation 7. Motivate pt who will have teeth remaining- motivate to prevent further tooth loss through routine dental& hygiene care and personal oral care provedures |
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What are some of the personal factors that may affect the patient preparation and extent of oral surgery? (6)
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Personal factors...
- patient history- if he/she neglected their mouth for years - Apprehensive & Fearful - Impatient - Resignation- feeling of inevitable of their situation & lack of appreciation for preserving natural teeth - Discouragement- over tooth lost, towards time lost from work or financial aspect of dental care or incovenience and discomfot - Resentful |
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What needs to be included in the presurgery treatment planning before a patient is about to have surgery?
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Presurgery treatment planning
~ Biofilm control ~ SRP, Diet info ~ Patient instructions- OHI ~ Instrumentation ~ Stain removal contraindications ~ Rinsing instructions- provide postop instruction for rinsing w' basic saline or w/ chlorhexidine 0.12% for tissue conditioning |
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Nutritional and dietary needs...
What type of foods are needed for someone recovering from oral surgery?? |
Nutritional & dietary needs
1. Foods essential for Promotion of healing- those foods w/ protein and vitamins, particularly vitamin A,C, and riboflavin 2. Foods essential for building gingival tissue resistance- a varied diet that includes adequate portions of all essential food groups 3. Foods essential for dental caries prevention- Noncaiogenic food. Also when pt not able to masticate properly the diet may have included many soft & cariogenic food |
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What is part of the postsurgical immediate care instructions given to patient?
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Postsurgical Care
~ Control bleeding- keep sponge/guaze in for 30 min ~ Rinse- don't rinse for 24 hours after surgery then use saline ~ biofilm control- brush teeth and floss more than usual ~ Rest ~ diet- use liquid/ soft diet high in protein avoid food that requires chewing or are acidic ~ Pain- meds ~ Icepack- apply icepack 15 min on then 15 min off ~ Complications- include phone # to call after hours should these arise |
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The causes of a fractured jaw include __ and __?
**Emergency care includes__? |
Causes of a fractured jaw include....
~ Traumatic- interpersonal violence, sports injuries, falls, road accidents, industrial accidents ~ Predisposing- pathologic conditions like tumors, cyst, osteoporosis, or osteomyelitis(weaken the bone) ~ Emergency care that is given for fractured jaw includes ABC- airways, breathing, circulation, & defibrillation |
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What are some of the clinical signs of a fractured jaw?
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Clinical sign of fractured jaw...
- pain - fractured or displaced teeth - displaced bone - muscle spasms - crepitus - soft tissue bleeding - bruising and swelling |
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What are the 5 classifications of fractures??
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Classification of fractures
1. simple- no communication w/ outside 2. compound- has communication w/ outside 3. simple comminuted- shattered 4. compound comminuted- shattered 5. Greenstick- incomplete fracture has 1 side of bone broken & other side bent. |
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Mandibular fractures are classified by location. What are the 5 types of mandibular fractures?
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Mandibular fracture (described by location)
1. Alveolar process 2. Condyle 3. Angle 4. Body 5. Symphysis |
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Types of midfacial fractures include??
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Midfacial fractures...
~alveolar process- does not extend to midline of palate ~ LeFort I- horizontal fracture that extends above roots, above palate, across maz sinus, below zygomatic process, across pterygoid plates ~ Lefort II- midface fracture ectends over middle of nose, down medial wall of orbits, across infraorbital rims, across pterygoid plates ~ LeFort III- high level craniofacial fractures extends transversely across bridge of nose across orbits and zygomatic arach across pterygoid plates |
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Basic treatment of fractures include...
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Basic treatment of fractures...
~ Reduction- to place bones in apposition. Open- surgical flap / Closed- manipulation without surgery ~ Fixation of the fragments ~ Immobilization for healing |
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____ is when bone screws are placed thru incisions on either side of the fracture, acrylic bar is molded and pressed over the threads of the bone screws and secured w/ screw nuts.
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External skeletal fixation (external pin fixation)
- when bone screws are placed thru incisions on either side of the fracture, acrylic bar is molded and pressed over the threads of the bone screws and secured w/ screw nuts. |
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Most common fracture is the ALVEOLAR PROCESS fracture. What are some of the clinical finding associated w/ this type of fracture?
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Clinical findings for alveolar process fracture
~face: bruising, areas of swelling ~Teeth: fractures, mobility, avulsion, displacement ~ Lips/gingiva: bruising, bleeding lacerations from contact w/ teeth at time of impact ~ Bone fracture: most frequently in the anterior |
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What are the treatment options for an Alveolar Process Fracture??
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Alveolar Process Fracture Treatment...
- replantation of displaced teeth - immobilization w/ interdental wiring. A temporary fixed splint of acrylic may be placed over the wires. The teeth must be tested periodically for vitality. ~ Endodontic therapy may be required later. |
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what are some potential problems that may occur after oral surgery?
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Dental hygiene care w/ oral surgery...
~ Potential problems - fixation appartus may interfere w/ normal function. - development of gingivitis ro periodontal complications- thick biofilm formation and food debris may provide soirces of irritation to gingiva - Initiation of Demineralization- soft of liquid diet is difficult to plan using limited cariogenic foods for caries prevention ~ loss of appetite- related to monotonous liquid/soft diet may lead to weight loss or secondary infection ~ difficulty in opening mouth |
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___ refers to a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is transformation of normal cells into malignant ones. As cells proliferate, the mass of abnormal tissue that is found enlarges until it takes over the host site. It then sheds cells that spread to distant sites (metastasis).
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CANCER
refers to a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is transformation of normal cells into malignant ones. As cells proliferate, the mass of abnormal tissue that is found enlarges until it takes over the host site. It then sheds cells that spread to distant sites (metastasis). |
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Cancers are classified based on __ and __
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Cancers are classified based on...
~ Origin of the tissue involved, that is, carcinomas from epithelial tissue, and sarcomas from connective tissue ~ type of cell from which they arise, namely on, an epithelial or connective tissue cell |
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Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the US.
~Most common types of cancer diagnosed in women are: ~ Most common types of cancers diagnosed in men are: |
Most common cancers diagnosed in ...
~ Women: breast, lung & bronchus, Colon and rectum ~ Men: Prostate, lung & broncus, colon & rectum |
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The survival rates are ___
__% of all oral carcinoma are squamous cell type |
~ the survival rate are 5 years- clear
~ 90% of all oral carcinoma are squamous cell type |
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What are some of the predisposing risk factors that increase a person's risk for developing oral cancer??
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Risk factors for oral cancer
~ alcohol/ tobacco (synergy) ~ poor oral hygiene ~ overexposure to sun |
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What are some of the predisposing factors that increase a person's risk for Leukemia?
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Risk factors for Leukemia
~ radiation exposure ~ toxic chemicals (benzene) ~ previous bone marrow disorders ~ congenital disorders |
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____ uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer. it impacts the cancer cell's ability to replicate & survive. Not all tumors are radiosensitive (ability of the radiation therapy to kill the tumor). Head& neck radiation therapy produces acute short term & chronic long term effects in oral cavity.
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RADIATION THERAPY
uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer. it impacts the cancer cell's ability to replicate & survive. Not all tumors are radiosensitive (ability of the radiation therapy to kill the tumor). Head& neck radiation therapy produces acute short term & chronic long term effects in oral cavity. |
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Types of Radiation Therapy include:
___- radiation that is applied outside the body. ___- the source (such as implants or seeds) of the radiation is placed within the body. Less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues than when an external source is utilized. |
Types of Radiation therapy:
~ External Beam - radiation that is applied outside the body. ~ Internal- the source (such as implants or seeds) of the radiation is placed within the body. Less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues than when an external source is utilized. |
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Total radiation dose is approximately __ - __ centigrays and is given once a day for 3-8 weeks
- the duration is influenced by many factors |
Total radiation dose = 3000-7000 centigrays
~given onve a day for 3-8 wks - the duration is influenced by many factors |
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Major causes of spinal cord dysfunctions include.... (7)
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Causes for spinal cord dysfunctions...
~ trauma (spinal cord injury) ~ Neoplasms (tumor within the cord or extradural) ~ Viral/ bacterial infections (poliomyelitis) ~ Progressive degenerative disorders (multiple scleosis) ~ Vascular accidents (hemorrhage, thrombus, embolus, hematoma) ~ Compression from an Arthritic Spur (spondylitic osteoarthritis) ~ Congenital anomalies or deformities (myelomeningocele, mineogeocele, spina bifida) |
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____ is the impairment of spinal cord function resulting from the application of an external traumatic force.
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SPINAL CORD INJURY
- the impairment of spinal cord function resulting from the application of an external traumatic force. |
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emergency pt care for someone w/ spinal cord injury- patient should be put in a __ position & transfered w/ 4 other people and a body board
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patient in supine
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After the injury __ causes a loss of reflex activity. The result is flaccid paralysis below the level of injury. This last several hours or up to 3 months.
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SPINAL SHOCK
-occurs after injury and is a loss of reflex activity - results in flaccid paralysis below level of injury - last several hours or up to 3 months |
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with a __ lesion no sensation or motor function below the level of the lesion
~with a __ lesion some senation or motor function below level of lesion occurs and it can return in several hours or up to 1 year |
~ COMPLETE
no sensation or motor function below the level of the lesion ~ INCOMPLETE some senation or motor function below level of lesion occurs and it can return in several hours or up to 1 year |
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other possible effects of a spinal cord injury can include.... (3)
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other possible effects..
- impairment of voluntary bladder and bowel control - impairment of sexual function - impairment of vasomotor and body temperature regulatory mechanisms |
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Secondary complications w/ spinal cord injury.... (6)
- most complications do not occur in pt w/ lesions below T6 level |
Secondary complications
~ Respiratory function- at risk for apiration ~ Pressure sores (decubitus ulcer) ~ Spasticity (muscle spasms) ~ Body temperature ~ Prone to infection- related to elimination (UTI, renal stones) ~ Hyperreflexia (Autonomic Dysreflexia)- BP increases sharply |
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____ is a congenital defect or opening in the spinal column.
___ is a protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal cord. ___ is a protrusion or outpounching of the spinal cord and its covering (meninges) through an opening in the bony spinal column. |
~ Spinal Bifida - congenital defect or opening in the spinal column.
~ Meningocele- protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal cord. ~ Myelomeningocele- a protrusion or outpounching of the spinal cord and its covering (meninges) through an opening in the bony spinal column. |
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What are some of the physical characteristics of myelomeningocele (includes spinal bifida and meningocele)
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Physical characteristics of myelomeningocele
~ bony deformities- scoliosis, kyphosis (Humpback), swayback(lordosis) ~ loss of sensation- lack of sensitivity to pain and temp ~ bladder & bowel paralysis- kidney infections common ~ Hydrocephalus- a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of fluid on the brain. Development is slow and Mental retardation may be present. Also seizures are common. |
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What are some of the medical treatment that is used in treatment of myelomeningocele (includes spinal bifida and meningocele)?
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Medical treatment...
1. Neurosurgery Closure of the Myelomeningocele- to help prevent infection 2. Neurosurgery to treat the hydrocephalus- permanent drainage system 3. Orthopedic Surgery- reduce deformities |
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____ not ventriculoperitoneal shunts, need antibiotic premedication prior to invasive dental and hygiene instrumentation.
~ Patient w/ spinal bifida is at high risk for ____. |
Ventriculoatrial shunts
- need premed not ventriculoperitoneal shunts ~ pt with spinal bifida is at higher risk for Latex Allergy |
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___ is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from interference of the blood supply to a part of the brain.
Patient is frequently disabled by changes in motor, communication, and perception. - This is 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. |
Stroke or Cebrovascular Accident
-a sudden loss of brain function resulting from interference of the blood supply to a part of the brain. Patient is frequently disabled by changes in motor, communication, and perception. - 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. |
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___ is the most common cause of a stroke.
- It is a clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck closes or occludes the vessel and shuts off the oxygen supply to the portion of the brain supplied by that vessel, resulting in cerebral infarction. |
Thrombosis
- most common cause of stroke - a clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck closes or occludes the vessel and shuts off the oxygen supply to the portion of the brain supplied by that vessel, resulting in cerebral infarction. |
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What are some of the etiologic factors for Stroke (CVA)?
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Etiology factors
- thrombosis - intracerebral embolism - ischemia - cerebral hemorrhage - Predisposing factors: atherosclerosis, hypertension (greatest risk factor that leads to stroke), hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, tobacco use, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, use of oral contraceptives, drug abuse |
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___ is when a blood vessel is blocked by a clot or other material is carried through the circulation from another part of the body.
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Intracerebral Embolism
- when a blood vessel is blocked by a clot or other material is carried through the circulation from another part of the body. |
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___ is when the blood flow decreases to an area of the brain, usually as a result of an atheromatous constriction of the arteries supplying the area.
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Ischemia
- when the blood flow decreases to an area of the brain, usually as a result of an atheromatous constriction of the arteries supplying the area. |
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___ is when a cerebral blood vessel may rupture and bleed into the brain tissues.
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Cerebral Hemorrhage
- when a cerebral blood vessel may rupture and bleed into the brain tissues. |
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___ is the greatest risk factor that leads to a stroke.
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Hypertension- greatest risk factor that leads to a stroke
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____ is a brief event where the blood supply to a localized area of the brain is interrupted and the patient may have transient signs or symptoms of a stroke.
~ these "little strokes" may last few minutes to an hour and may leave no permanent damage ~ This is a possible risk factor or warning for a stroke |
Transient Ischemic Attack(TIA)
- a brief event where the blood supply to a localized area of the brain is interrupted and the patient may have transient signs or symptoms of a stroke. ~ these "little strokes" may last few minutes to an hour and may leave no permanent damage ~ This is a possible risk factor or warning for a stroke |
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What are some of the residual or chronic effects someone who has a stroke might experience??
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Chronic/ residual effects
~ paralysis- hemiplegia (one side of body) ~ Articulation- difficulty in speech ~ Salivation- difficulty in control of saliva ~ Sensory- can have superficial anesthesia or increased sensivity to pain/touch ~ Visual impairment- blurred ~ Mental function- poor memory, slowness ~ Personal factors- personality changes relate to emotional trauma, fear, discouragement, dependency |
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Surgical treatment for stroke may include....
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Surgical treatment
- treatment may include surgical correction of aneurysms, clots, malformations - Physical/ Occupation therapy- Rehab techniques - Drugs |
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Dental hygiene care is not advised until __ months or more after a stroke.
~ Treatment may best be accomplished in shorter appointments and small increments of instrumentation. |
Dental hygiene care for stroke
- 6 months or more after - treatment in shorter apt and small increments of instrumentation |
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___ are genetic myopathies characterized by progressive severe weakness and loss of use of groups of muscles. It is degeneration and is associated with atrophy and dysfunction.
~ The cause is unknown ~ 2 common types include.. type 1: duchenne type 2: Facioscapulohumeral |
Muscular Dystrophy
- genetic myopathies characterized by progressive severe weakness and loss of use of groups of muscles. It is degeneration and is associated with atrophy and dysfunction. ~ The cause is unknown ~ 2 common types include.. type 1: duchenne type 2: Facioscapulohumeral |
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___ is type of musculat dystrophy and limited to males and transmitted by female carriers.
~ Age of onset- between 2 and 5 years but before age 10 ~ Prognosis: pt rarely lives to reach age 30 ~ Characteristics: Musculature- enlargement of certain muscles (calves), Weakness of the hips, Lordosis, Gait- waddling or walks on toes or flatfoot and has bad balance, Progressive muscular wasting- enventual involvement of thighs; shoulders; trunk;weakness of respiratory muscles, Intellectual impairment- average iq 80-90 |
DUCHENNE
type 1 muscular dystrophy - type of musculat dystrophy and limited to males and transmitted by female carriers. ~ Age of onset- between 2 and 5 years but before age 10 ~ Prognosis: pt rarely lives to reach age 30 ~ Characteristics: Musculature- enlargement of certain muscles (calves), Weakness of the hips, Lordosis, Gait- waddling or walks on toes or flatfoot and has bad balance, Progressive muscular wasting- enventual involvement of thighs; shoulders; trunk;weakness of respiratory muscles, Intellectual impairment- average iq 80-90 |
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___ is a tpe of muscular dystrophy
- males and females are equally affected - age of onset between 10-18 - prognosis - normal life span slower than type 1 - characteristics: facial muscle involves (obicularis oris), Scapulae prominant, shoulder muscles weaken, difficulty raising the arms, difficulty in closing eyes completely |
Facioscapulohumeral
type 2 muscular dystrophy - males and females are equally affected - age of onset between 10-18 - prognosis - normal life span slower than type 1 - characteristics: facial muscle involves (obicularis oris), Scapulae prominant, shoulder muscles weaken, difficulty raising the arms, difficulty in closing eyes completely |
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___ is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease
- characterized by weakness and fatique of symmetrical voluntary muscles - Muscles of the eyes, facial expression, mastication and swallowing are affected. - Occurrence- early peak at 20 it affects women more often in later life it effects men more often. |
Myasthenia Gravis
- an autoimmune neuromuscular disease - characterized by weakness and fatique of symmetrical voluntary muscles - Muscles of the eyes, facial expression, mastication and swallowing are affected. - Occurrence- early peak at 20 it affects women more often in later life it effects men more often. |
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These are all Signs and symptoms of what disease??
- Oral & Facial Problems: disturbed speech and facial expression, mastication, swallowing difficulties - Progressive involvement- serious respiratory infection can occur - Precipitating factors: emotional excitement, surgical procedures, loss of sleep, alcohol intake, infection - Types of crisis : myasthenic and cholinergic |
Myasthenia Gravis
** Signs and Symptoms** - Oral & Facial Problems: disturbed speech and facial expression, mastication, swallowing difficulties - Progressive involvement- serious respiratory infection can occur - Precipitating factors: emotional excitement, surgical procedures, loss of sleep, alcohol intake, infection - Types of crisis : myasthenic and cholinergic |
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A ___ crisis may result from undermedication or increased severity of disease or it may be precipitated by one of the aggravating factors.
A ____ factors results from overmedication with anticholinesterase. |
**Myasthenic Crisis
- result from undermedication or increased severity of disease or it may be precipitated by one of the aggravating factors. ** Cholinergic Crisis - results from overmedication with anticholinesterase. |
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___ is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS characterized by progressive diability; the myelin sheath is destroyed within the white matter fo the CNS ; it is an autoimmune disease
- the inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system - Occurrence- women are affected twice as frequent as men and onset is usually between age 20-40 - inflammation occurs when body's own immune cell attack the nervous system - inflammation causes nerve impulses to slow down or become blocked leading to symptom of this disease. |
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS characterized by progressive diability; the myelin sheath is destroyed within the white matter fo the CNS ; it is an autoimmune disease - the inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system - Occurrence- women are affected twice as frequent as men and onset is usually between age 20-40 - inflammation occurs when body's own immune cell attack the nervous system - inflammation causes nerve impulses to slow down or become blocked leading to symptom of this disease. |
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What are some of the characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis??
- an attack may last several days or weeks and be followed by symptom free period. Risk factors for exacerabation are those such as infection or pregnancy. People w/ MS has a close to normal life span. |
Characteristics of MS
- visual impairment - diplopia, difficulty in coordination, tremore, fatique - transient tingling paresthia of hands and feet - involuntary motion of eyes - changes in gait - speech disorders |
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Categories of MS
1. Relapse-Remitting- 2. Secondary Progressive- 3. Primary Progressive- 4. Progressive Relapsing- |
Categories of MS
1. Relapse-Remitting- acute episodes worsen w/ recovery and stable course between relapses 2. Secondary Progressive- gradual neurologic deterioration w/ or w/o superimposed acute relapses in a pt who previously had relapse-remitting MS 3. Primary Progressive- gradual, nearly continuous neurologic deterioration from the onset of symptoms 4. Progressive Relapsing- gradual neurologic deterioration from the onset of smptoms but with subsequent superimposed relapses |
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Medications for ____ include
- corticosteriods - interferonbeta - glatiramer acetate - methotrexate |
Meds for Multiple Sclerosis
- corticosteriods - interferonbeta - glatiramer acetate - methotrexate |
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___ is a condition in which injury to parts of the brain has occurred prenatally, natally, or post natally and has resulted in paralysis or disruption of motor parts.
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Cerebral Palsy
- a condition in which injury to parts of the brain has occurred prenatally, natally, or post natally and has resulted in paralysis or disruption of motor parts. |
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types of characteristics for cerebral palsy include spasticity,athetosis, ataxia, rigidity, tremor, flaccidity, mixed.
___ is type of characteristic it is when muscles have increased tone, tension and activity. This condition is characterized by spasm and pt may have complete or partial loss of ability to control muscular movement |
Spasticity
- type of characteristic it is when muscles have increased tone, tension and activity. This condition is characterized by spasm and pt may have complete or partial loss of ability to control muscular movement |
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__ is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy.
- a condition characterized by constant, involuntary, unorganized muscular movement. Pt lacks ability to direct muscles in motion desired, Grimacing,droolin, and speech defects are common w/ this and this may be initiated and aggravated by stimuli outside the body. |
Athetosis
- type of characteristic of cerebral palsy. - a condition characterized by constant, involuntary, unorganized muscular movement. Pt lacks ability to direct muscles in motion desired, Grimacing,droolin, and speech defects are common w/ this and this may be initiated and aggravated by stimuli outside the body. |
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___ is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy
- it is loss of equilibrium, balance, and orientation difficulty - lack of coordination - may have brain damage to cerebellum |
Ataxia
- type of characteristic of cerebral palsy - it is loss of equilibrium, balance, and orientation difficulty - lack of coordination - may have brain damage to cerebellum |
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__ is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy.
- muscles may be rigid and stiff, w/ resistance to movement & hypertonicity - tendency to lack of activity |
Rigidity
- type of characteristic of cerebral palsy. - muscles may be rigid and stiff, w/ resistance to movement & hypertonicity |
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__ is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy
- it is involuntary muscle quivering may affect part or all of the body |
Tremor
- type of characteristic of cerebral palsy - it is involuntary muscle quivering may affect part or all of the body |
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___ is type of characteristic w/ cerebral palsy
- Hypotonia or atonia or muscle that are flabby and weak - unable to stand or raise hand -Drooling; difficult in swallowing, chewing, speech problems __ is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy ~ when various combinations of the 6 types occur |
FLACCIDITY
- type of characteristic w/ cerebral palsy - Hypotonia or atonia or muscle that are flabby and weak - unable to stand or raise hand -Drooling; difficult in swallowing, chewing, speech problems MIXED - is type of characteristic of cerebral palsy ~ when various combinations of the 6 types occur |
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The following conditions may occur w/ cerebral palsy...
___ 50%, of the 50% who are this they have ___ ___ - between 25-30% have this and undergo drug therapy ___- seeing and hearing problems are common |
The following conditions may occur w/ cerebral palsy...
~ Mental retardation 50%, of the 50% who are this they have ~ learning disabilities ~ Seizures - between 25-30% have this and undergo drug therapy ~ Sensory disorder- seeing and hearing problems are common |
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What are some of the oral characteristics of cerebral palsy??
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Oral characteristics...
- disturbances of musculature: facial grimacing, abnormal muscle function, problems w/ mastication&swallowing - malocclusion - attrition - fractured teeth - dental caries - perio infections |
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__ is paralysis of the facial muscle innervated by the facial or 7th cranial nerve
- the cause is unknown but possible agents include bacterial and viral infections particularly herpes simplex and trauma from tooth removal or surgery of the parotid gland |
Bell's Palsy
- paralysis of the facial muscle innervated by the facial or 7th cranial nerve - the cause is unknown but possible agents include bacterial and viral infections particularly herpes simplex and trauma from tooth removal or surgery of the parotid gland |
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With bell's palsy...
- it is seen more in ___ - After age 50 it is more common in __ - treatment for it includes drugs(steroids) or surgical - Also w/ dental hygiene care protective eyewear should be worn |
Bell's Palsy
- seen more in Women - after 50: more common in men - treatment for it includes drugs(steroids) or surgical - Also w/ dental hygiene care protective eyewear should be worn |
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What are some of the signs and symptoms of bell's palsy?
- Also w/ bell's palsy speech and mastication may be impaired - Patient's w/ this experience a return to normal within a month with a spontaneous recovery. Others may have lasting residual effects or permanent paralysis |
Bell's palsy
~Signs and Symptoms~ * Mouth- corner of mouth droops, salivation w/ drooling is uncontrollable * Eye- eyelid may not close, watering & drooping of the lower lid invites infection * Abrupt weakness or paralysis of facial muscles occur - Also w/ bell's palsy speech and mastication may be impaired - Patient's w/ this experience a return to normal within a month with a spontaneous recovery. Others may have lasting residual effects or permanent paralysis |
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___ is a progressive disorder of the CNS characterized by lose of postural stability slowness of spontaneous movement, rest and tremor, and muscular rigidity
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Parkinson's disease
a progressive disorder of the CNS characterized by lose of postural stability slowness of spontaneous movement, rest and tremor, and muscular rigidity - person w/ parkinson's does not blink |
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__ is inflammation in a joint
- it is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the U.S. - Can be acute, chronic, localized, or generalized |
Arthritis
inflammation in a joint - it is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the U.S. - Can be acute, chronic, localized, or generalized |
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___ is the most common joint disorder.
- the chronic disease causes cushioning (cartilage) between the bone joints to wear away, leading to pain and stiffness - it also causes new pieces of bone, called bone spurs, to grow around the joints. - this affects the weight bearing joints in adults - The cartilage of the affected joint becomes rough and wears down(degenerates). As the disease gets worse, the cartilage disappears and the bone rubs on bone. Bone spurs usually develop around this joint |
OSTEOARTHRITIS
- the most common joint disorder. - the chronic disease causes cushioning (cartilage) between the bone joints to wear away, leading to pain and stiffness - it also causes new pieces of bone, called bone spurs, to grow around the joints. - this affects the weight bearing joints in adults - The cartilage of the affected joint becomes rough and wears down(degenerates). As the disease gets worse, the cartilage disappears and the bone rubs on bone. Bone spurs usually develop around this joint |
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__,__,__,___ factors can play a role in osteoarthiritis development.
- the symptoms of this disorder appear in middle age and are present in almost everyone by age 70. Afterr 55 it is more common in women but before 55 it is common in both men and women |
Metabolic, Genetic, Chemical and Mechanical Factors
- can play a role in osteoarthiritis development. - the symptoms of this disorder appear in middle age and are present in almost everyone by age 70. Afterr 55 it is more common in women but before 55 it is common in both men and women |
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___ is a chronic, immunlogic, systemic disease in which inflammation of the joints occur in exacerbations and remission (Cause unknown)
- onset between 20-40 - more common in women - rare in tropical countries - Symptoms:joints swelling, morning stiffness,weakness, loss of appetite - this and perio come from same pathogens |
RHEUMOTOID ARTHRITIS
- a chronic, immunlogic, systemic disease in which inflammation of the joints occur in exacerbations and remission (Cause unknown) - onset between 20-40 - more common in women - rare in tropical countries - Symptoms:joints swelling, morning stiffness,weakness, loss of appetite - this and perio come from same pathogens |
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__ is more acute, w/ prolonged fever, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph node
- it is inflammation of many joints - TMJ may be involved - long term effects vary - long term treatment include activity to maintain function and drugs to relieve pain |
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
- more acute, w/ prolonged fever, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph node - it is inflammation of many joints - TMJ may be involved - long term effects vary - long term treatment include activity to maintain function and drugs to relieve pain |
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___ - affects the weight bearing joints
- no specific causes - onset : 50-70 - predisposing factors: repeated trauma, obesity, mechanical stress, age related changes - Symptoms- stiffness, swelling is rare, pain aggravated by temp changes |
Degenerative Joint Disease
- affects the weight bearing joints - no specific causes - onset : 50-70 - predisposing factors: repeated trauma, obesity, mechanical stress, age related changes - Symptoms- stiffness, swelling is rare, pain aggravated by temp changes |
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___ is a autoimmune disease of connective tissue characterized by an overproduction of collagen
- cause = unknown - onset: 30-50 can affect anyone even infants - Characteristics: Joints-swelling, pain,stiffness; Polyarthritis- symmetrical; Skin- hard and fixed ivory white,yellow or gray; face- face becomes mask like and expressionless |
SCLERODERMA
a autoimmune disease of connective tissue characterized by an overproduction of collagen - cause = unknown - onset: 30-50 can affect anyone even infants - Characteristics: Joints-swelling, pain,stiffness; Polyarthritis- symmetrical; Skin- hard and fixed ivory white,yellow or gray; face- face becomes mask like and expressionless |
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What are some oral findings w/ Scleroderma?
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ORal findings w/ Scleroderma
- lips - thin rigid difficulty opening / closing - mucosa- thin, pale, tender, rigid, poor healing - gingiva- pale firm - teeth- increased mobility - radiographs- widening of PDL - mastication- difficult TMJ movement is limited - tongue- may be immobile- speech difficult |
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What are some of the oral findings w/ someone with impaired renal function (kidney disease)??
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oral findings- kidney disease
~ petechiae ~ammonia in saliva w/ urine like smell & taste change ~ stomatitis, erythema, edema, candidiasis ~ demin of bone |
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___ is a sudden paroxysmal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain.
- syndrome is classified by : age relatd onset, symptoms (vary w/ type), and anatomic localization in the brain - 2 basic types include generalized and partial |
Epileptic Syndromes (seizures)
- a sudden paroxysmal electrical discharge of neurons in the brain. - syndrome is classified by : age relatd onset, symptoms (vary w/ type), and anatomic localization in the brain - 2 basic types include generalized and partial |
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Etiology of seizures can be primary or secondary.
primary= secondary= |
Etiology seizures
primary= genetic predisposition Secondary= during many neruologic and nonneurologic medical conditions such as brain tumor, maternal infection(rubella), CVA (stroke), trauma (head injury), Infection (meningitis, AIDS, encephalitis) |
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Some of the precipitating factors of seizures include
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Precipitating factors
- psychological stress; apprehension - fatique; sleep deprived - sensory stimuli - use or withdrawal of alcohol or drugs |
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___ is a warning sign some seizure patients have
can be differen things.. - sensation of numbness - tingling - twitching or stiffness or certain muscles - special sensory stimulus |
AURA
a warning sign some seizure patients have can be differen things.. - sensation of numbness - tingling - twitching or stiffness or certain muscles - special sensory stimulus |
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___ seizure
- pt has loss of consciousness - most common in kids - blank stare, may drop whatever is holding - may become pale - may have twitching of eyelids, eyebrowns, head or chewing movements - attack ends abruptly pt is unaware what has happened |
Generalized absense (petite Mal)
- pt has loss of consciousness - most common in kids - blank stare, may drop whatever is holding - may become pale - may have twitching of eyelids, eyebrowns, head or chewing movements - attack ends abruptly pt is unaware what has happened |
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__ seizure
- cessation of ongoing activity - staring spell, dizziness - jerking of muscles - no loss of consciousness |
Partial seizure- simple
- cessation of ongoing activity - staring spell, dizziness - jerking of muscles - no loss of consciousness |
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___ seizure
- trance- like stage w/ confusion - consciousness is impaired to varying degrees - may manifest purposeless movements; doesn't remember what happened |
Partial - complex seizure
- trance- like stage w/ confusion - consciousness is impaired to varying degrees - may manifest purposeless movements; doesn't remember what happened |
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__ seizure
- epileptic cry - loss of consciousness is complete and sudden - musculature contraction (tonic phase) tonic phase- tension w/ rigity clonic phase- convulsion pulse follows tonic - skin color- pale to bluish - loss of bladder control - tongue may be bitten - last 1-3 min - foam may appear - pt may be confused when recover falls into deep sleep - seizure may continue w/o recovery and progress into status epilepticus |
Generalize- Tonic Clonic (Grand Mal) Seizure
- epileptic cry - loss of consciousness is complete and sudden - musculature contraction (tonic phase) tonic phase- tension w/ rigity clonic phase- convulsion pulse follows tonic - skin color- pale to bluish - loss of bladder control - tongue may be bitten - last 1-3 min - foam may appear - pt may be confused when recover falls into deep sleep - seizure may continue w/o recovery and progress into status epilepticus |
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Type of treatment for seizures is __ diet
- goal is to induce fat metabolism and maintain ketosis - has starvation pariod - food is reintroduced mainly fat and low proteins w/ no carbs - been shown to be effective |
KETOGENIC DIET
- goal is to induce fat metabolism and maintain ketosis - has starvation pariod - food is reintroduced mainly fat and low proteins w/ no carbs - been shown to be effective |
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___ occurs in 25-50% of persons using phenytoin
- other antiepileptic drugs induce overgrowth less frequent - antiepileptic drugs are used in treatment in other conditions - Phenytoin may cause fibroblast and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix - tissue color is normal w/ lobular shape - local irritants make response more excessive - meticulous oral hygiene can reduce occurrence ~ Occurrence: greater in younger pt, enlargement may start in few weeks to years, anterior max gingiva usually afftected more |
GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
occurs in 25-50% of persons using phenytoin - appears fibrotic pink, stippled, cauliflower like - Phenytoin may cause fibroblast and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix - tissue color is normal w/ lobular shape - local irritants make response more excessive - meticulous oral hygiene can reduce occurrence ~ Occurrence: greater in younger pt, enlargement may start in few weeks to years, anterior max gingiva usually afftected more |
