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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Not made up of or containing cells.
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acellular
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Heterotrophic microorganism that can live and grow in the presence of free oxygen; some are obligate, other facultative.
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aerobe
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Heterotrophic microorganism that lives and grows in complete absence of oxygen; some are obligate, others facultative.
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anaerobe
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Matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces.
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biofilm
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Adjective to indicate a conduciveness to the initiation of dental caries.
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cariogenic
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Able to live under more than one specific set of environmental conditions; contrast with obligate?
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facultative
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Invasion and muliplication of a microorganism in body tissues.
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infection
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White blood corpuslce capable of ameboid mevment; functions to protect the body against infection and disease.
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leukocyte
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White or cream-colored cheesy mass that can collect over dental biofilm on unclean, neglected teeth; it is composed of food debris, mucin, and bacteria.
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materia alba
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Ability to survive only in a particular environment; opposite of facultative.
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obligate
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Plant or animal that lives upon or within another living organism and draws its nourishment therefrom.
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parasite
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Disease-producing agent or mocroorganism.
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pathogen
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Assumption of various distinct forms by a single organism or within a species.
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pleomorphism
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Any organism, such as bacteria, that lives upon dead or decaying organic matter.
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saprophyte
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What is a tenacious membranous layer that is amorphous, acellular and organic?
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acquired pellicle
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Where can an aquired pellicle form?
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exposed tooth surfaces, over restorations, and dental calculus
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Where is the aquired pellicle thickest?
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near the gingical margin
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When does the aquired pellicle begin to form?
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within minutes after all external material has been removed
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Aquired pellicle is primarily composed of what?
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glycoproteins of saliva
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What type of pellicle is clear, translucent, insoluble, and not readily visible until a disclosing agent has been applied?
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surface pellicle, unstained
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What type of pellicle can take on extrinsic satin and become brown, grayish, or other colors?
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surface pellicle, stained
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What type of pellicle is embedded in tooth structure, particularly where the tooth surface is partially demineralized?
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subsurface pellicle
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What is the significance of a pellicle?
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protective, lubrication, nidus for bacteria, attachement of calculus
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What is a dense, nonmineralized, complex mass of colonies in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix?
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dental biofilm
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Where does dental biofilm adhere to?
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aquired pellicle, teeth, caluculus and fixed and removeable restoration
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How many microbial species are found in biofilm?
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500
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In what 3 steps do biofilm form?
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pellicle formation, bacterial colonization, and biofilm maturation
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Organisms in the first few hours formed in biofilm are what type?
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gram-positive cocci and rods
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What results from the apical proliferation of microorganisms from supragingival biofilm?
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subgingival dental biofilm
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What type of bacteria is found in a well cleaned mouth?
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epithelial cells and few cocci
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What type of bacteria is found in a mouth that hasn't been cleaned in 1-2 days?
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masses of cocci and short rods
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What type of bacteria is found in a mouth that hasn't been cleaned in 4-7 days?
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filamentous bacteria, leukocyte, and fusobacteria
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What type of bacteria is found in a smouth that hasn't been cleaned in 1-2 weeks?
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spirochetes and vibrios
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What type of bioflim is associated with calculus formation, root caries, and root resorption?
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tooth-surface-attached biofilm
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What type of biofilm is between two layers of attached biofilm that have planktonic, motile, gram-negative organisms?
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unattached gingiva
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What type of biofilm is loosely attached to the pocket epithelium and have many gram-negative microorganisms and numerous white blood cells?
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epithelium-associated biofilm
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What % of biofilm is organic and inorganic solids, and water?
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20% organic and inorganic solids
80% water |
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What happens as biofilm ages?
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it changes
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What type of biofilm is coronal to the gingival margin?
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supragingival biofilm
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What type of biofilm forms on the external surfaces of the oral epithelium and attached gingiva?
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gingival biofilm
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What type of biofilm is located between the periodontal attachment and the gingival margin, within the sulcus or pocket?
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subgingival biofilm
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What type of biofilm also develops in pits and fissures?
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fissure biofilm
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Where does supragingival biofilm formation begin?
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gingival margin, particularly on the proximal surface
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What tooth surface does biofilm most frequently occur?
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proximal surfaces and around the gingival third
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What factors can influence biofilm formatin?
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crowded teeth, rough surfaces, difficult to clean, out of occlusion, and bacterial multiplication
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What are infectious, transmissable dieseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms found in mircobial biofilm?
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periodontal disesae and dental caries
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What is a disease of the dental calcified structures that is characterized by demineratlization of the mineral components and dissolution of the organic matrix?
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dental caries
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What bacteria are found in a healthy periodontal tissue?
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aerobic, gram positive organisms
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What bacteria are found in a unhealthy periodontal pocket?
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lower number of organisms and WBC
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What is a loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris that frequently occurs on top of dental biofilm removal is neglected?
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materia alba
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Without definite shape or visible differentiation in structure?
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amorphous
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Abnormal concretion composed of mineral salts, usually occurring within the hollow organs or their passages.
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calculus
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Out of place; arising or produced at an abnormal site or in a tissue where it is not normally found.
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ectopic
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Intercellular or intermicrobial substance of a tissue, or the tissue from which a structure develops, gains support, and is held together.
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matrix
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Addition of mineral elements, such as calcium and phosphorus, to the body or a part thereof with resulting hardening of the tissue.
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mineralization
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Nucleus,; focus; point of origin.
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nidus
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Holding all of a substance that can be dissolved in the solution.
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saturated
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A solution containing more of an ingredient than can be held in solution permanently?
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supersaturated
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What is a major objective in nonsurgical periodontal therapy?
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prepare the teeth, through calculus removal, to have biologically acceptable smooth surfaces
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What is the location of supragingival calculus?
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on the clinical crown coronal to the margin of the gingiva
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What is the most frequent site of supragingival calculus?
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lingual surfaces of man ant.
facial surfaces of max 1st and 2nd molars |
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What is the location of the subgingival calculus?
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on the clinical crown apical to the margin of the gingiva and extending nearly to the clincial attacment on the root surface
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What is calculus made up of?
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inorganic and organic components and water
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What are the main inorganic components of calculus?
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calcium and phosphorus
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What organic compoundes make up calculus?
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nonvital microorganisms, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, and mucin from saliva
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What are the stages of calculus formation?
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pellicle formation, biofilm formation, and mineralization
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During calculus formation when does the biofilm form?
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by the 5th day
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During calculus formation, when does it mineralize?
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within 24-48 hours
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The source of elements for supragingival calculus is from what?
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saliva
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What supply the minerals for the subgingival calculus?
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gingival sulcus fluid and inflammatory exudate
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What is an inhibitor of calcification and is used in anticalculus dentifrices?
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pyrophosphate
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What type of calculus formers have higher salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus?
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heavy calculus formers
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What type of calculus formers have higher levels of parotid pyrophosphate?
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light calculus formers
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Calculus forms in layers that are more or less in what orientation with the tooth surface?
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parallel
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What develops as a result of downgrowth of supragingival biofilm bacteria?
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subgingival biofilm
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What agents are used in tartar control mouthrinses or dentifrices?
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pyrophosphates, zinc citrate or zinc chloride, and triclosan
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What has contraindicated the use of tartar control mouthrinses or dentirfices?
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soft tissue irritation or dentinal hypersensitivity
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Imperfect formation of enamel; hereditary condition in which the ameloblasts fail to lay down the enamel matrix properly or at all.
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amelogenesis imperfecta
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Green plant pigment essential to photosynthesis?
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chlorophyll
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Hereditary disorder of dentin formation in which the odontoblasts lay down an abnormal matrix; can occur in both primary and permanent dentitions.
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dentinogenesis imperfecta
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Produced within or caused by factors within.
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endogenous
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Originating outside or caused by factors outside.
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exogenous
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Derived from or situated on the outside; external.
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extrinsic
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Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue.
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hypoplasia
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Situated entirely within.
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intrinsic
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Are exogenous stains extrinsic or intrinsic?
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either
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Are endogenous stains extrinsic or intrinsic?
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always intrinsic
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How are stains removed?
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scaling or polishing
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What are the most frequent observed stains?
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yellow, green, black line, and tobacco
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What are the least frequent observed stains?
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orange, red, and metallic stains
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What stain is common to all ages, is associated with the presence of dental biofilm, and has a dull discolor of biofilm?
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yellow stain
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What stain is embedded in dental biofilm, is primarily facial, may occur at any age but primarily found in childhood, and results from oral uncleanliness, chromogenic bacteria, and gingival hemorrhage?
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green stain
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What stain can occur on facial and lingual surfaces, forms along the gingival third, can occur in all ages, more common in childhood, more common in female paitents, and frequently found in clean mouths?
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black line stain
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What stain has heavy deposits that can penetrate the enamel, primarily on the cervical third, most frequently on lingual surfaces and composed of tar and products of combustion?
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tobacco stain
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What stain is smooth and structureless and recurs readily after removal?
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brown pellicle
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What stain results from the formation of stannous sulfide or brown tin oxide from the reaction of the tine ion in the fluoride compound?
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stannous fluoride
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What type of stain can be caused by chlorhexidine and alexidine, and tends to form more rapidly on exposed root than on enamel?
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anti-biofilm agents
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What stain appears more on the cervical third, more frequently on anterior than on posterior teeth, is rare, and from chromogenic bacteria?
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orange and red stains
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What type of metallic stain appears green or bluish-green?
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copper or brass
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What type of metallic stain appears brown to greenish-brown?
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iron
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What type of metallic stain appears green?
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nickel
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What type of metallic stain appears yellow or golden brown?
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cadmium
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What is the name for the enamel partially or completely missing because of a generalized disturbance of the ameloblasts?
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amelogenesis imperfecta
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What is the name for the dentin being abnormal as a result of disturbances in the odontoblastic layer during development?
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dentinogenesis imperfecta
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What is the name for when teeth erupt with white spots or with pits, over a long period of time the white spots may become discolored from food pigment?
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systemic hypoplasia
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What is the name for teeth that have white spots that may become stained but only affects one tooth?
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local hypoplasia
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What is the name for when an intrinsic stains come from an outside source, not from within the tooth?
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exogenous intrinsic
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Can extrinsic stains become intrinsic?
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yes
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What endodontic therapy is bluish-black?
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silver nitrate
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What endodontic therapy is yellowish-brown?
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volatile oils
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What endodontic therapy is brown?
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strong iodine
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What endodontic therapy is yellow?
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aureomycin
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What endodontic therapy is black?
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silver-containing root canal sealer
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Agreement with at set standard of performance; determination of accuracy and consistency between examiners to standardize procedures and gain reliability of recorded findings.
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calibration
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The study of the relationships of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community.
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epidemiology
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The rate at which a certain even occurs, as the number of new cases of a specific disease occuring during a certain period of time.
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incidence
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A graduated, numeric scale with upper and lower limits; scores on the scale correspond to a specific criterion for individuals or populations.
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index
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The total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence in a given population at a certain time.
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prevalence
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Ability of an index or test procedure to measure consistently at different times and under a variety of conditions.
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reliability
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Ability of an index or test procedure to measure what it is intended to measure.
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validity
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What are the types of scoring methods?
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individual assessment score
clinical trial epidemilogic survey community surveillance |
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What is planned to determine the effect of an agent or procedure on the prevention, progression, or control of a disease?
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clinical trial
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What type of indices measures the presence or absence of a condition?
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simple index
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What type of indices measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present?
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cumulative index
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What type of indices measures conditions that will not change?
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irreversible
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What type of indices measures conditions that can be changed?
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reversible
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The purpose of what is to assess the thickness of biofilm at the gingival area?
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plaque index
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What plaque index score is excellent?
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0
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What plaque index score is good?
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0.1-0.9
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What plague index score is fair?
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1.0-1.9
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What plaque index score is poor?
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2.0-3.0
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The purpose of what is to record the presence of dental biofilm on individual tooth surfaces to permit the patient to visualize progress while learning biofilm control?
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plaque control record
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The purpose of what is to determine the location, number, and percentage of biofilm-free surfaces for individual motivation and instruction?
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plaque free score
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The purpose of what is to assess the extent of biofilm and debris over a tooth suface?
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patient hygiene performance
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The purpose of what is to assess the oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surface covered with debris and/or calculus?
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simplified oral hygiene index
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The purpose of what is to assess the state of periodontal health of an individual patient?
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PSR
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The purpose of what is to screen and monitor the periodontal status of populations?
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CPI (community periodontal index)
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The purpose of what is to locate areas of gingival sulcus bleeding and color changes in order to recognize and record the presence of early inflammatory gingival disease?
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SBI (sulcus bleeding index)
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The purpose of what is to record the presence or absence of gingival inflammation as determined by bleeding from interproximal gingival sulci?
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GBI (gingival bleeding index)
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The purpose of what is to assess the presence of inflammation in the interdental area as indicated by the presence or absence of bleeding?
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EIBI (eastman interdental bleeding index)
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The purpse of what is to assess the severity of gingivitis based on color, consistency, and bleeding on probing?
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GI (gingival index)
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The purpose of what is to determine total dental caries, past and present, by recording either the number of affected teeth or tooth surfaces?
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DMFT or DMFS
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DMFT is based on what?
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28 teeth
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DMFS is based on what?
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128 surfaces
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The purpose of what is to determine the dental caries experience for the primary teeth present in the oral cavity by evaluating teeth or surfaces?
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df and def
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The purpose of what is to determine dental caries experience for children, only primary teeth are evaluated?
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dmft and dmfs
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The purpose of what is used to provide case definitions that determine caries status of childeren 5 years of age or younger?
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ECC and S-ECC
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What is used to determine total root caries experience for individuals and groups and provide a direct, simple method for recording and making comparisons?
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RCI
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The purpose of what is used to measure the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis?
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dean's fluorosis index
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The purpose of what is to measure the prevelance and severity of dental fluorosis?
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TSIF
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The purpose of what is to collect comprehensive data on oral health status and dental treatment needs of a population?
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WHO
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The purpose of what is to provide oral screening for adult, school age, and/or preschool populations?
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BSS
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