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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A set of nonverbal signals, including body movements, postures, gestures, and facial expressions, that gives expression to various physical, mental and emotional states.
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body language
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Naturally occuring concave forward curve present in the thoracic region of the spine when viewed from the side.
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kyphosis
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Naturally occuring convex forward curve present in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine when viewed from the side.
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lordosis
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Also called orthostatic hypotension; a fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope, and blurred vision that occurs upon standing or when standing motionless in a fixed position.
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postural hypotension
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Flat position with head and feet on the same level.
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supine
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The modified supine position when the head is lower than the heart.
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trendelenburg
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What chair position may be needed to use for patients with certain types of cardiovascular disease, respiratory, or vertigo problems?
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semi-upright
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What is the initial position from which chair adjustments are made?
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upright
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What chair position is when the chair is flat and the brain in on the same level as the heart?
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supine
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What chair position is used for most treatments?
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supine
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What is chair position is when the heart is higher then then head?
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trendelenburg
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What are the four chair positions used?
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upright, semi-upright, supine, and trendelenburg
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What adjustments are made for mandibular and maxillary instrumentation?
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supine for maxillary, 20 degree angle with the floor for mandibular
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What is the clinician's working distance?
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15-22 inches
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What is the single most powerful tool the clinician has to reduce the risk of injury?
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neutral working position
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What includes whole body functional biomechanics as it relates to all work activities?
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neutral posture
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What posture will translate to all activities, outside of work?
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habitual neutral posture
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When in neutral seated posture, how is the back?
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in neutral postural alignment
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When in neutral seated posture, how is the head?
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on top of the neutral spine with forward neck flexion between 15 and 20 degrees
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When in neutral seated posture, how are the eyes?
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directed downward and not down more than 15 to 20 degrees
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When in neutral seated position, how are the shoulders?
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relaxed and parallel with the hips and floor
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When in neutral seated position, how are the elbows?
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close to the body
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When in neutral seated position, how are the forearms?
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parallel with the floor
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When in neutral seated position, how are the wrists?
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forearm and wrist are in a straight line
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When in neutral seated position, how are the thighs?
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full body distributed evenly on seat
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When in neutral seated position, how are the knees?
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slightly apart
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When in neutral seated position, how are the feet?
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flat on the floor
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What is the chair orientation for right handed clinician?
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8:00 TO 11:00
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What is the chair orientation for left handed clinician?
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11:00 to 4:00
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What are the characteristics of a base on a stool?
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broad and heavy with no fewer than 4 casters
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What are the characteristics of a seat on stool?
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seamless upholstery, padded firmly
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What are the characteristics of the height of a stool?
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adjustable
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What are the characteristics of a back of a stool?
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adjustable lumbar support to accomodate different positions, procedures, and clinicians
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What are the characteristics of mobility for a stool?
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completely mobile, free from equipment
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What are the characteristics of adjustment for a stool?
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mutliple adjustments
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What are the characterisitcs of infection control for a stool?
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all surfaces able to withstand standard precautions regimen
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When using the light on the maxillary position, the beam of light is often between what degrees?
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60-45 angle to floor
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When using the light on the mandibular position, the beam of light is at what angle?
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perpendicular to the floor
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What is included in the self care of the dental hygienist?
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physical fitness, standard precautions, clinical practice, neutral working position, and stress management
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What is included in the triad of musculoskeletal health?
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physical fitess, manage and relinquish stress, and dynamic postural integrity
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Objectice, observable evidence of an illness or disorder; a physical manifestation of a disorder that is apparent to a trained healthcare provider and sometimes to the patient.
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sign
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Any change in the body or its function that is perceived by the patient the subjective experience of a disease or disorder?
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symptom
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Who in the dental office is ultimately responsible for the accuracy of documents?
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dentist
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How are written records wrote?
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legibly and in ink
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How are written records corrected?
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single line placed through the error, writing the correct info immediately after and signing the entry
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What are the 3 keys of HIPPA?
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privacy, confidentiality, and security of the patient
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What may occur in various disease conditions such as fever?
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general signs and symptoms
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What is unique to a particular disease and may be used to distinguish that condition from other diseases or conditions?
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pathognomonic sign or symptom
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What is any abnormality that can be identified by a healthcare professional while examining a patient?
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sign
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What is also any departure from the normal that may be indicative of disease, they are subject to abnormalities that are observed by the patient?
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symptom
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What are the types of examination?
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complete, screening, limited, follow-up, and maintenance/reevaluation
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What means that a thorough, comprehensive study is made with all the assessment parts?
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complete examination
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What implies a brief examination?
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screening
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What is a type of limited examination, used to observe the effects of treatment after a period of time during which the tissue or lesion can recover and heal?
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follow-up
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What is made after a specified period of time following the completion of treatment and the restoration to health?
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maintenance/reevaluation
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What are the different examination methods?
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visual examination, palpation, instrumentation, percussion, electrical test, and auscultation
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What are the types of visual examination?
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direct observation, radiographic examination, transillumination
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What is an examination using the sense of tough through tissue manipulation or pressure with fingers and hands?
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palpation
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What type of examinations uses things such as explorers and probes?
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instrumentation
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What is the act of tapping a surface or tooth with the fingers or an instrument?
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percussion
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What is used to detect the presence of absence of vital pulp tissue?
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electrical test
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What is the use of sound?
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ausculation
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What is an example of ausculation?
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TMJ clicking
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What is included in the dental chart?
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diagrammic representation of existing conditions of teeth
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What is included in the periodontal chart?
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clinical features of the periodontum
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What are materials used for charting?
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instruments and equipment, study casts, radiographs, form for manual charting
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State of abnormal and individual hypersensitvity acquired through exposure to a particular allergen.
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allergy
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Provision of an effective antibiotic before invasive clinical precdures that can create a transient bacteremia.
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antibiotic premedication
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Presence of microorganisms in the blood stream.
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bacteremia
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Produced or derived from blood; disseminated through the bloodstream.
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hematogenous
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When the immune respone is attenuated by administration of immunosuppressive drugs, by irradiation, by malnutrition, or by certain disese processes.
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immunocompromised
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Preliminary medication; may be for the purpose of allaying apprehension, preventing bacteremia, or otherwise facilitating the clinical procedure.
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premedication
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Subacute bacterial endocarditis, now called inefective endocarditis.
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SBE
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What types of questions are in the questionnaire?
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system oriented, disease oriented, symptom oriented, and culture oriented
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Direct questions or topics that check whether the patient has had a disease, and the questions may contain references to body parts.
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system oriented
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A typical set of questions for the patient to check may start with do you have, or have you had any of the following diseases or problems, follow-up questions can determine dates of illness, severity, and outcome.
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disease oriented
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In the absence of previous or current disease states, questions may lead to a suspicion of a condition, which, in turn can provide an opportunity to recommend and encourage the patient to schedule an examination by a physician?
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symptom oriented
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Help to identify patient's background?
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culture oriented
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What is included in dental history?
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chief complaint, patient's attitude of oral care, personal daily care exercised, current beliefs and attitudes about health, illness, and oral health, culturally related health practices
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What is included in medical history?
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conditions, diseases, etc
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What are advantages of the interview?
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development of rapport, flexibility for individual needs
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What are disadvantages of the interview?
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time-consuming, items of importance may be omitted, patient may be embarrassed to talk about it
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A patient without apparent systemic disease; a normal healthy person.
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ASA I
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A patient with mild systemic disease.
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ASA II
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A patient with severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating.
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ASA III
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A patient with an incapacitating systemic disease that is a constanct threat to life.
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ASA IV
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A moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours with our without care.
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V
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What are the 4 vital signs?
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body temp, pulse and respirations, and blood pressure
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Oxygen deficiency; a reduction of oxygen in the tissues can lead to deep respirations, cyanosis, increased pulse rate, and impairment of coordination.
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anoxia
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Temporary cessation of breathing; absence of spontaneous respirations.
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apnea
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Listening fo sounds produced within the body; may be performed directly with a stethoscope.
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auscultation
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Unusually slow heartbeat evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate.
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bradycardia
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The temperature of the deep tissues of the body; remains relatlively constant?
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core temperature
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The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions and the two ventricles are dilated by the blood flowing into them.
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diastole
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Systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater and diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater.
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hypertension
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Higher than normal body temperature.
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hyperthermia
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Lower than normal body temperature.
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hypothermia
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The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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pulse pressure
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An abnormal elevation of the body temperature above 98.6.
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pyrexia
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The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially the ventricles, during which blood is forced into the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
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systole
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Unusually fast heartbeat; at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
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tachycardia
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What is the name for when temp os over 99.5?
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fever (pyrexia)
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What is the name for temp over 105.8?
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hyperthermia
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What is the name for temp below 96.
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hypothermia
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What actor altar body temp?
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time of day, exercise, hot drinks, smoking, pathologic states, and starvation, hemorrhage
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What should you do with a patient who has a temp of 105.8?
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send to hospital
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What is a normal pulse rate?
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60 to 100 bpm
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What increase pulse?
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exercise, stimulants, eating, strong emotions, extremes of heat and cold, and some forms of heart disease
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What are the sites to take pulse?
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radial, brachial and carotid
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What are factors to observe in respiration?
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depth, rythym, quality, sounds, position of patient
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What increase respiration?
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work and exercise, excitement, nervousness, strong emotions, pain, hemorrhage, and shock
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What are factors that increase blood pressure?
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exercise, eating, stimulants and emotional disturbance
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What is the normal range of body temp?
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96 to 99.5
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What is the normal range of pulse rate?
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60 to 100 bpm
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What is the normal range of respiration?
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14 to 20 per min
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What is normal blood pressure?
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below 120/80
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What blood pressure is prehypertension?
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120-139/80-89
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What blood pressure is hypertension stage 1?
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140-159/90-99
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What blood pressure is hypertension stage 2?
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greater than 160/100
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A little white or reddish ulcer.
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aphtha
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Outer scab-like layer of solid matter formed by drying of a body exudate or secretion.
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crust
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Back surfec; opposite of ventral.
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dorsal
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Red area of variable size and shape; reaction to irritation, radiation, or injury.
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erythema
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Growing outward.
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exophytic
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A benign bony growth projecting from the surface of bone.
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exostosis
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Of unknown etiology.
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idiopathic
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Hardened; abnormally hard.
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indurated
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Disease of the lymph nodes; regional lymph node enlargement.
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lymphadenopathy
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Perceiving by sense of touch.
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palpation
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Elevated lesion attached by a thin stalk.
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pedunculated
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Hemorrhagic spot of pinpoint to pinhead size.
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petechia
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Marked with points or punctures differentiated from the surrounding suface by color, elevation, or texture.
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punctate
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Containing, forming, or discharging pus.
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purulent
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Reddening of the skin.
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rubefacient
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Induration of hardenting.
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sclerosis
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Elevated lesion with a broad base.
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sessile
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Bony elevation or prominence usually located on the midline of the hard palate and the lingual surface of the mandible in the premolar area.
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torus
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Motor disturbance of the trigeminal nerve, especially spasm of the masitcatory muscles with difficulty in opening the mouth.
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trismus
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Anterior or inferior surface; opposite of dorsal.
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ventral
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A wartlike growth.
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verruca
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What are the different types of palpation?
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digital , bidigital, bimanual, and bilateral
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What is the use of a singe finger type of palpation?
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digital
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What is the use of finger and thumg of the same hand type of palpation?
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bidigital
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What is the use of finger or fingers and thumb from each hand applied simultaneously in coordination type of palpation?
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bimanual
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What is it when two hands are used at the same time to examine corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body?
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bilateral
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What are teh types of blisterform lesions?
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vesicle, pustule, and bulla
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What is 1 cm (10 mm) or less in diameter, circumscribed with a thin suface covering and may contain serum or mucin and appear white?
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vesicle
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What is less than 5 mm in diameter, contains pus, and the pus gives it a yellowish color?
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pustule
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A is more than 1 cm, is filled with fluid, usually mucin or serum, buy may contain blood?
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bulla
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What are the types of nonblisterform lesions?
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papule, nodule, tumor, and plaque
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What is pinhead to 5 mm in diameter, solid lesion that may be pointed, rounded, or flat-topped?
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papule
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What is larger than a papule, greater than 5 mm but less than 1 cm?
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nodule
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What is 2 cm or greater in width, and means a general swelling or enlargement, either benign or malignant?
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tumor
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What is slightly raised lesion with a broad flat top, and is usually larger then 5 mm in diameter with a "pasted on" appearance?
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plaque
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What are the types of depressed lesions?
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ulcer and ersion
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What represent a loss of conitinuity of the epithelium and may result from the rupture of an elevated lesion?
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ulcer
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What is a shallow, depressed lesion that does not extend through the epithelium to the underlying tissue?
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erosion
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What are the most common sites of oral cancer?
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floor of the mouth, lateral parts of tongue, lower lip, and soft palate complex
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What is a white patch of plaque that cannot be scraped off?
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leukoplakia
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What is a term used to designate lesions of the oral mucosa that appear as bright red patches, or plaques that cannot be characterized as any specific disease?
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erythroplakia
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What type of biopsy is it when the entire lesion is removed?
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excisional
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What type of biopsy is it when a representative section from the lesion is taken?
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incisional
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