Devlin Biology Exam 1

Front 1

What is the structural, functional and biological unit of every living organism?

Back 1

A cell

Front 2

What is the PH Scale?

Back 2

A scale from 0 to 14 reflecting the concentration of hydrogen ions

Front 3

What numbers are acidic on the PH scale?

Back 3

0-6

Front 4

What number is neutral on the PH scale?

Back 4

7

Front 5

What numbers are basic on the PH scale?

Back 5

8-14

Front 6

What is the building block of protein?

Back 6

Amino Acids

Front 7

How can you speed up an enzyme reaction?

Back 7

By using a catalyst

Front 8

what are the two parts to cell theory?

Back 8

All cells are made from pre-existing cells and all cells are the basic unit of structure and function.

Front 9

___ is made of microtubules and microfilaments. Provides internal support network for organelles in the cytoplasm.

Back 9

cytoskeleton

Front 10

___ A type of cytoskeleton. Made of fine filaments

Back 10

microfilament

Front 11

Made of DNA and protein, cite of cellular respiration

Back 11

Mitochondria

Front 12

Transports lipids. Membrane sacs that are connected

Back 12

Smooth ER

Front 13

converts Sun energy into stored chemical energy, site of photosynthesis, contains cholorophyll

Back 13

chloroplast

Front 14

Found in the nucleus, contains hereditary information

Back 14

chromosomes

Front 15

contains Chromosomes, control center of the cell

Back 15

nucleus

Front 16

Space between nucleus and the cell membrane

Back 16

cytoplasm

Front 17

Controls movement of materials in and out of cells. Made of phospholipids

Back 17

Cell Membrane

Front 18

Packages Molecules, The post office of the cell

Back 18

Golgi Body

Front 19

One celled organisms

Back 19

Unicellular

Front 20

A type of cytoskeleton, made of hollow tubules

Back 20

microtubules

Front 21

Transports proteins, studded with ribosomes, membrane sacks that are connected to form a network

Back 21

Rough ER

Front 22

All cells are made of pre-existing cells, All cells are the basic unit of structure and function

Back 22

Cell Theory

Front 23

A type of cell with NO membrance enclosed organelles, just has a cell membrane and DNA

Back 23

prokaryotes

Front 24

Involved in cell division, found only in animal cells

Back 24

Centrioles

Front 25

A type of cell with membrane enclosed organelles

Back 25

Eukaryote

Front 26

Site of intracellular digestion, formed by budding from Golgi apparatus

Back 26

Lysosome

Front 27

Stores water, takes up more space in plant cells

Back 27

Vacuole

Front 28

The powerhouse of the cell, makes ATP by breaking down glucose

Back 28

Mitochondria

Front 29

Many celled organisms

Back 29

multicellular

Front 30

The membrane around the nucleus, has pores

Back 30

nuclear envelope

Front 31

Explain the 3 differences between the plant and animal cell anatomy

Back 31

Animal cells have Lysosomes and centrioles, while plant cells have vacuoles

Front 32

What are the units of hereditary information that control the basic functions of the cell?

Back 32

genes

Front 33

When molecules move from where there is more to where there is less

Back 33

diffusion

Front 34

The diffusion of water through a membrane

Back 34

osmosis

Front 35

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins

Back 35

Active Transport

Front 36

A process whereby cells absorb material from the outside by engulfing it with their cell membrane

Back 36

Endocytosis

Front 37

When molecules diffuse across a membrane with the help of transport proteins

Back 37

Facilitated diffusion

Front 38

What is probability?

Back 38

The chance that any given event will occur

Front 39

What is a hybrid?

Back 39

Having different alleles for a given trait, one inherited from each parent; heterozygous

Front 40

A trait that is visible in a heterozygous organism

Back 40

dominant

Front 41

One of two or more possible forms of a gene, each affecting the hereditary trait somehow differently

Back 41

allele

Front 42

The stage in mitosis in which chromosomes on the spindle seperate and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell

Back 42

Anaphase

Front 43

A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining the sex

Back 43

autosome

Front 44

A chemical that promotes a reaction between other chemicals and may take part in the reaction but emerges in its original form

Back 44

catalyst

Front 45

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing cell, composed of M, G1, S, and G2 phases

Back 45

Cell cycle

Front 46

A nonliving covering around the plasma membrane of certain cells

Back 46

cell wall

Front 47

The green pigments of plants and many microorganisms, converts light energy to chemical energy

Back 47

chlorophyll

Front 48

A condition in which both alleles in a heterozygous organism are expressed

Back 48

codominance

Front 49

A difference in the concentration of certain molecules over a distance

Back 49

Concentration Gradient

Front 50

During prophase 1 of meiosis, the breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of chromosome pairs at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic re-combination

Back 50

crossing-over

Front 51

The gelatin like portion of the cytoplasm that bathes the organelles of the cell

Back 51

cytosol

Front 52

The process of taking molecules apart; heat and chemicals are the cheif agents

Back 52

Decomposition

Front 53

A sugar used in the structure of DNA

Back 53

Deoxyribose

Front 54

The process in which electrons are transferred from one carrier molecule to another in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration

Back 54

Electron Transport system

Front 55

A protein, or part-protein molecule made by an organism and used as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction

Back 55

enzyme

Front 56

A cell containing only one member (n) of each chromosome pair characteristic of a species

Back 56

haploid

Front 57

The genetic makeup of an organism

Back 57

genotype

Front 58

A term used to describe an allele or trait that is masked by a dominant allele or trait.

Back 58

recessive

Front 59

What is mRNA?

Back 59

messenger RNA, the template for RNA synthesis

Front 60

What is tRNA?

Back 60

Transfer RNA, the "adapter" molecule that converts nucleic sequences to protein sequences

Front 61

What is rRNA?

Back 61

Ribosomal RNA, The structural molecule of RNA

Front 62

The union of an egg nucleus and a sperm nucleus

Back 62

fertilization

Front 63

Reproduction involving the contribution of genetic material from two parents

Back 63

sexual reproduction

Front 64

The synthesis phae of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated

Back 64

S phase

Front 65

The final stage in mitosis, two new cell nuceli are completed as nuclear envelopes form around the two clusters of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell, and the cell itself divides

Back 65

telophase

Front 66

A small, intracellular membrane-enclosed sac in which various substances are transported or stored

Back 66

Vesicle

Front 67

The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception

Back 67

zygote