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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An assumption that can be derived from Wayward Puritans is:
a) Deviance cannot be defined since it varies across cultures and societies b) The inflexible nature of people makes it difficult for humans to construct definitions of normal and deviant behavior c) Deviance is destructive to cultures, since it pits people against one another d) Deviance is contained within boundaries, and challenges the limits of those boundaries e) Most of what is considered deviant has its origins in prior laws and social customs |
d) Deviance is contained within boundaries, and challenges the limits of those boundaries
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An issue at hand involving Anne Hutchinson is:
a) Her reluctance to accept the Bible b) She challenged the limits and understanding of major Puritan religious beliefs c) Her defense of “witches” as non-threatening and harmless d) She wanted to expand the authority of Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Colony much further to the unknown West e) As a Roman Catholic she opposed the idea that grace alone could lead one to salvation |
b) She challenged the limits and understanding of major Puritan religious beliefs
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The notion of community as addressed in Wayward Puritans:
a) Implies the boundaries within which people live and construct norms and values b) Refers to the population of a community or society c) Suggests that religious orthodoxy is the major source of defining the area within which a community exist d) Concerns what happens to norm violators when they resist attempts to change their behaviors e) Has a clear geographical meaning, such as the geographical are settled by the Puritans |
a) Implies the boundaries within which people live and construct norms and values
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An issue when discussing law and authority in Wayward Puritans is:
a) Individuals in societies make decisions based on hard and fast rules b) Rules always precede deviant actions c) Deviant behavior has little to do with boundary maintenance d) Most of the time deviance occurs as a result of defiance of authorities who are believed to be unfair and oppressive e) In the absence of clear cut norms to guide decisions concerning deviance, people may construct norms, rules, and laws |
e) In the absence of clear cut norms to guide decisions concerning deviance, people may construct norms, rules, and laws
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Puritan?
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Calvinists in termperment if not entirely in policy and shared a deep distrust of the Anglican hierarchy and its elaborate ritual apparatus.
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What is the age grouping with the largest percentage of those who have used illegal drugs in the month prior to being interviewed?
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18-25 yr olds
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What is the the region of the country with an upward trend in the use of marijuana from 2002-2004, but then a dramatic decrease from 2004-2005.
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The west.
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What is the percent of the population 12 years of age and older that used alcohol in the month prior to being interviewed?
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52%.
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What criteria are used in defining binge drinking?
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Consuming five or more drinks on the same occaison on at least one day in the past 30 days.
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What is the trend in the use of tobacco and the findings about cigarette use among women who are pregnant?
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Women who are pregnant smoke less cigarettes on average than other women, except in the ages of 15-17.
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For race/ethnicity who has the highest of drug use for persons 12 and older?
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African Americans.
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For specific racial/ethnic categories (i.e., whites; Hispanics) who has the highest percentage of use of alcohol?
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White.
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What are the slang names for heroin?
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H, junk, scag, stuff, horse, smack
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Who in the early part of the 20th century comprised many heroin addicts?
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white, middle class, rural, women
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Now who comprises the largest percentage of heroin addicts?
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Poor, male, young, inner city, black
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What is a side effect of the Harrison Narcotic Control Act of 1914.
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Decided maintenance of heroin addicts wasn't legit medicine
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What is the meaning of abstinence syndrome?
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Withdrawal symptoms.
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What are the common methods of administering heroin?
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Injection, smoking, inhaling.
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Who is most likely to contact AIDS via using heroin, by sex and race?
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For Men: homosexual contact
For Females: Heterosexual contact Race: Whites then AAs then Hispanics |
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Which cities in the U.S. have the largest percentage of heroin addicts?
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Chicago, LA, NYC.
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What are the origins of heroin coming into the U.S.?
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South America, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Mexico.
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What is the heroin-violence nexus, in particular a major argument in criticism of the claims heroin use causes violence?
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More likley to commit violent crimes while on Heroin.
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What are Blumstein’s three potential connections between drug use and crime, and know the connection with the largest link to homicides in New York City.
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-Pharmacological/
psychological-belief that drugs cause crime -Economic compulsive-users commit crime to support habit -Systemic- violent crimes that occur in the business of trafficking. 74% of drug related homicide were systemic in nature. |
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What is the enslavement model of the drug/crime relationship?
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Argues that some individuals become trapped into a life of using drugs.
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What is the predisposition model of the drug/crime relationship?
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Argues that some people are predisposed to committing crimes and using heroin.
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What is the intensification model of the drug/crime relationship?
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Argues that there is no consistent relationship between the use of drugs and crime.
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Why did the Catholic Church’s efforts to eradicate cocaine fail with the Inca Indians?
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Silver was more profitable to the Spanish crown.
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What is the pharmacological fact about cocaine, and its methods of administration?
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-Not physically addicting, only mentally
-snorted, injected, smoked |
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What distinguishes freebase from crack cocaine?
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When Freebase is made the hydrochloride salt is removed.
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Why are crack and freebase are preferred over powder cocaine by some users?
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Far more intense and powerful.
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What are the origins of the majority of cocaine to the U.S.?
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Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia
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What variables are involved in the dangers of cocaine use?
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Cost, health issues, conflict with others.
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What are the methods of administration of methamphetamine (meth) and its street slang names?
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-Smoked, snorted, injected, or taken orally.
-Meth, Poor Man's Cocaine, Crystal meth, glass, ice, speed, crank, and white tablets. |
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What are the origins of most meth coming into the U.S. and why this is the case?
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Made in US, or Mexico.
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What are the three methods of producing meth?
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-Cold Cook
-Nazi or Birch -Red Phospherous |
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What are the ages for the greatest use of meth, and understand the trend in the use of meth.?
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-19-40 yrs old
-Meth use is declining. |
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What is the percentage of Americans who drink?
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-52%
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What is the definition of alcoholism?
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Characterized by compulsive drinking, preoccupation with drinking, and tolerance to alcohol.
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What is the definition of alcohol abuse?
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Drinking-related failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home; interpersonal, social, or legal problems, and drinking in hazardous situations.
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What are Jelinek’s three alcoholism stages?
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-Early symptoms
-Middle symptoms -Late Symptoms |
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What are some characteristics of Early Symptoms of Alcoholism?
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-Breaking promises
-Lying about drinking -Gulping drinks -Drinking before a party -Drinking at regular times -Rationalization -Irregular eating -Blackouts |
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What are some of the signs of Middle Symptoms of alcoholism?
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-Minimizing drinking
-Carrying a secret supply -Extravagant behavior -Irregular eating -Weekend bouts -Frequent intoxication -Nervousness -Missing work |
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What are some common signs of Late Symptoms of alcoholism?
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-Morning drinking
-Solitary drinking -Benders -Irritability -Substitution of alcohol for food -Loss of jobs -Broken homes -Delirium tremors (DTs) -Deficiency diseases |
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Who dominates in heavy use of alcohol?
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White males.
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What is the relationship between education and drinking?
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The higher the income, education, and socioeconomic status of the respondent, the greater the liklihood that he or she drinks alcohol.
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What is the one exception to the relationship between drinking and education?
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College educated AA males who drink less as SES increases.
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What is the number one drug when it comes to violence, and the type of violent crimes it is associated with?
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-Alcohol
-murders |
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What do Barkan and associates argue with the use of alcohol and violence?
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-There is a self fulfilling prophecy that is present, meaning that alcohol is presumed to lead to violence, and at times it does.
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What does the data concerning BAC and the risks of car accidents say?
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-People with a BAC of .02-.04 there is a 1.4 chance of auto accident
-People with a BAC of .05-.09 =11% chance of auto accident -People with a BAC of .10 and .14= 48% chance of auto accident Over .15 385% chance of auto accident |
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What are the most prominent types of gaming in the U.S., and what has occurred with gaming revenues since 1995?
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-Lotteries and Cacinos
-Steadily increasing |
