Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
SYSTEMS THEORY |
-human behavior is viewed through larger contexts (I.g. Families, communities)
-if one thing changes, the whole system is affected.
-ecomaps/genograms
-micro, meso, macro |
|
|
FAMILY THEORIES |
-looks at the family as a whole, rather than individuals -looks at interactions amount members of the family -social roles and interpersonal interactions is the focus of treatment |
|
|
Different types of family therapy |
-Strategic family therapy: SW initiates what happens in therapy, designs approach for presenting problem and directly influenced people. -creating change in behavior vs. understanding behavior
Structural Family Therapy: - family organization promotes well-being of members -SW joins/engages the family to restructure and maintain homeostasis. - observing and manipulating therapy sessions
Bowenian Family Therapy: -improving the inter generational transmission process - individual responses are just as important as the entire family
|
|
|
Group Theories |
-individuals help each other to influence change, learn social roles -members gain insight/knowledge of themselves through interacting with others in group (individual self-actualization) -SW helps members come to agreement
-groupthink: groups make bad decisions because of group pressures
-Group polarization: group makes decision that are riskier than individual decisions( plp individually would be more cautious)
|
|
|
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES |
-explain origin of personality - Psychoanalytic theory (Freud) -Individual Psychology (Alfred Adler) -Stages of Psychosocial Development (Erikson) -Object Relations Theory (Mahler) |
|
|
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY |
-humans are sexual beings and and act on impulses - Id: acts on pleasure, impulsive Ego: operates on reality principle, prevents Id from being "socially inappropriate" Superego: Moral component learned from parents and society. Helps ego to conform to its morals not just reality |
|
|
Psychosexual stages of development (Oral) |
Age: Birth- 12 mnths Sources of pleasure: sucking, biting, chewing Result of fixation: excessive smoking, over eating, dependency on others |
|
|
Stages of development (Anal) |
Age: 2yrs, child is toilet trained Sources of pleasure: bowel movements Result of fixation: overly controlling personality or easily angered personality |
|
|
Stages of development (Phallic) |
Age: 3-5 Sources of pleasure: genitals Result of fixation: guilt or anxiety about sex
Oedipus complex: occurs at this stage. Boys loves mom, hostile towards dad. |
|
|
Stages of development (Latency) |
Age: 5- puberty Sources of pleasure: sexuality is latent, or dormant, during this period Result of fixation: no fixation at this stage |
|
|
Stages of development (genital) |
Age: begins at puberty Sources of pleasure: Genitals Result of fixation: no fixations at this stage |
|
|
Individual psychology (Adler) |
- human behavior is not sexual or aggressive but striving for perfection Children feel inferior to adults which drives them to master skills and challenges - unhealthy plp are overwhelmed with inferiority |
|
|
Self psychology |
-Help clients develop a great sense of self cohesion -when children receive empathetic responses from care takers it helps with sense of self
Three self- objects of need: Mirroring: validates sense of perfect self Idealization: borrows strength from other and identifies w/ it Twinning: needs an alter ego for sense of belonging
|
|
|
Ego psychology |
Rational, conscious process of ego - goal is to maintain and enhance egos control of stress and its effects |
|
|
Stages of psychosocial dev. (Erikson) |
- focused on how children socialize and affect their sense of self
1. Trust vs. mistrust: (birth-1yr) learn to trust others through caregivers Failure of completion: anxiety, fear of inconsistency of world
2. Autonomy vs. shame & doubt: (1-3yrs) child starts making independent decisions, confident about abilities Failure of completion: inadequate about ability, dependent, lack self-esteem
3. Initiative vs. guilt: (3yrs) |
|
|
Stages of psychosocial dev. (Erikson) |
- focused on how children socialize and it's affect their sense of self
1. Trust vs. mistrust: (birth-1yr) learn to trust others through caregivers Failure of completion: anxiety, fear of inconsistency of world
2. Autonomy vs. shame & doubt: (1-3yrs) child starts making independent decisions, confident about abilities Failure of completion: criticized or controlled 👉🏾inadequate about ability, dependent, lack self-esteem
3. Initiative vs. guilt: (3yrs) assertive, plan and initiate activities, secure about being a leader Failure of completion: criticized or controlled 👉🏾 develop sense of guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority: (6yrs) develop sense of pride, initiate and complete projects Failure of completion: Initiative discouraged 👉🏾 inferior, doubtful of abilities, fail to reach potential
5. Identity vs. role confusion: (Adolescence) independence and see future( career, family, housing) form identities Failure of completion: sense of self hindered 👉🏾 self confusion "don't know what I want to be when I grow up"
6. Intimacy vs. isolation: (Young Adulthood) more intimate w/others outside of family Failure of completion: avoiding intimacy and fear of relationships 👉🏾 isolation, loneliness, depression
7. Generativity vs. stagnation: (Middle Adulthood) establishing careers, start families, part of bigger picture, involved in community activities & organizations Failure of completion: not achieving goal or objectives 👉🏾 stagnant, feeling unproductive
8. Ego integrity vs. Despair: (Older Adults/ Senior Citizens) Contemplate Accomplishments/ Develop sense of integrity Failure of Completion: dissatisfied w/ life 👉🏾 develop dis pair, depression, hopelessness
|
|
|
Object Relations Theory (Mahler) |
- centered on relationships w/ others Early attachment 👉🏾 life long relationships
Age/phase/Subphase/characteristics
1. 0-1mnth/Normal Autism/None/ infant detached, self absorbed, sleeps
2. 1-5mnth/Normal Symbiotic/ None/ aware of mom, mom & infant are one, barrier against world
3. 5-9 mnths/ none/ practicing/ crawl & walk freely/ active exploration/ distant from mom
4. 15-24mnths/ none/ rapprochement/ close to mom again, wants to be independent but still close with mom
5. 24-38 mnths/ object constancy/ none/ child understand mom is separate entity / support and comfort
|
|
|
BEHAVIORAL THEORY |
- personality: result of interaction btwn individual and the environment - reject theories re: internal thoughts and theories -goal is to modify behavior -behaviors 👉🏾 feelings
Respondent: involuntary behavior elicited by behavior.
Operant: voluntary behavior is controlled by consequences of environment |
|
|
RESPONDENT/CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (Pavlov) |
-Unconditioned stimulus 👉🏾 unconditioned response
-Unconditioned stimulus + conditioned stimulus 👉🏾 unconditioned response
-conditioned stimulus 👉🏾 conditioned stimulus
|
|
|
RESPONDENT/CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (Pavlov) |
-Unconditioned stimulus 👉🏾 unconditioned response
-Unconditioned stimulus + conditioned stimulus 👉🏾 unconditioned response
-conditioned stimulus 👉🏾 conditioned stimulus
|
|
|
OPERANT CONDITIONING (Skinner) |
-Reinforcement( rewards) increases frequent behavior
-punishment decrease behaviors
-Aversion Therapy: treatment aimed at reducing attractiveness of stimulus with averse stimulus (I.g. Treat alcoholism w/ antabuse)
-Biofeedback: used for adhd or panic/anxiety disorders. Behavior training program to help control heart rate/blood pressure
Rational Emotive Therapy: SW changes clients irrational thoughts through self-defeating thinking, non distressing self statements |
|
|
COGNITIVE THEORY (Piaget) |
Stage |
|
|
COGNITIVE THEORY (Piaget) |
Stage/Age/Characteristics
1. Sensorimotor/0-2yrs/ imaginative play, object image retention, signals meaning( mom leaves 👉🏾babysitter comes)
2. Pre operational/2-7yrs/ concrete to abstract thinking/ knows past, present, future/ night terrors/ magical thinking
3. Concrete Operations/ 7-11yrs/ abstract thoughts/ logical/ cause and effect relationship understood
4. Formal Operations/ 11-maturity/ assumes adult roles and responsibilities, plans for future, thinks hypothetically |
|
|
PERSON-IN-ENVIORMENT (PIE) |
- highlights importance of understanding individual behavior in light of environmental contexts
-client centered rather than agency-centered |
|
|
ADDICTION THEORIES AND CONCEPTS |
- Risk factors for alcohol and drug abuse 👉🏾 Family: prior use/ dysfunction/trauma 👉🏾Social: peers who use drugs, social or cultural Norm, availability and accessibility of drugs 👉🏾Psychiatric: Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, mental health disorder 👉🏾Behavioral: use of other substances, aggressive behavior in childhood, impulsivity & risk taking |
|
|
Causes of Subtance Abuse |
Biopsychosocial model: Comprehensive explaination, includes hereditary predisposition, emotional & psychological problems, social influences, environmental problems
Medical model: 👉🏾Addiction: chronic, progressive, relapsing and potentially fatal medical disease 👉🏾Genetic causes: inherited vulnerability to addiction. 👉🏾Brain reward mechanisms: parts of brain produce pleasurable feelings to reinforce use 👉🏾 Altered Brain Chemistry: frequent use alters brain chemistry & required use needed to avoid withdrawals and brain imbalance
Self-medication model: use mor drugs to avoid withdrawals
Social model: drug use is learned & reinforced by societal norms & influence |
|
|
Substance use disorder |
- measured from mild to severe -Disorders are categorized by the substance ( alcohol use, stimulant use disorder)
Mild substance use disorder: required two of three disorders from a list of 11.
Non subtance related disorder -gambling disorder
Goals of treatment: - abstinence from substances -maximizing life functioning -preventing it reducing relapse
Harm reduction model: doesn't require a client to discontinue substance use but seeks to reduce or minimize the use
Recovery is ongoing |
|
|
Stages of alcohol use and drug use treatment |
Stabilization: focus is on abstinence
Rehabilitation: Focus is on remaining substance free developing coping living skills grieving loss of substance use
Maintenance: focus is on stabilizing gains made in treatment, relapse prevention and termination |
|
|
Signs and symptoms of drug use |
Cocaine use : dilated pupils, hyperactivity, restlessness, perspiration, anxiety, impaired judgement
Alcohol Withdrawals: delirium tremens 👉🏾 hallucinations, rapid respiration, temperature abnormality and body tremors
Korsakoff's Syndrome: Chronic consumption of alcohol can lead to Vitamin B deficiency. Treatment is thiamine.
Additional treatments: Self- help groups, behavioral therapy, psychological interventions, Antaabuse medication, naltrexone. |
|
|
COMMUNICATION THEORY |
- effective communication skills - solicit information essential for providing services - silence is very effective for clients who have a high degree of emotion..silence accepting Of those feelings
Acceptance: acknowledging what is
Cognitive dissonance: arises when a person have to choose between two contradictory attitudes and beliefs
Echolalia: repeating noises and phrases. Associate it with catatonia, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and other disorders
|
|
|
Defense mechanisms- protects people from anxiety |
Conversion: repressed urge is expressed as disturbance of a body function (I.g. Deafness, pain)
Devaluation: used by persons w/ borderline personality. Person attributes exaggerated negative qualities to self or another
Displacement: directing an impulse, wish, or feeling toward a person or situation that is not its real target
Idealization: overestimation of an admirer aspect or attribute of another
Intellectualization: avoiding uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts & objects. Using complex words vs emotions |
