Developmental Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

Why study the lifespan?

Back 1

■ To offer an organized account of development across the lifespan.

■ To identify the interconnections between earlier and later events.

■ To account for the mechanisms responsible for lifespan development.

■ To specify the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that shape an individual's development.

Front 2

Age is an ambiguous explanation for behavior because:

Back 2

1. Age tells us about maturity and little else.
2. Different elements of biological growth proceed at different rates.
3. Age reflects past experiences that may influence current behavior.
4. Age reflects current social situations.
5. Age tells us little about the underlying causal mechanisms.

Front 3

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Prenatal
Conception to Birth

Back 3

Nine months of rapid growth in which organs and systems appear; extreme sensitivity to negative influences.

Front 4

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Infancy
Birth to 2 Years

Back 4

Continued rapid growth; brain development provides the basis for the emergence of motor, cognitive, and psychosocial accomplishments.

Front 5

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Early Childhood
2 to 6 Years

Back 5

Physical growth slows somewhat; substantial gains in cognitive and language development; the interplay between socialization and individualization shapes personality and influences adjustment.

Front 6

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Middle Childhood
7-11 Years

Back 6

School becomes a major force in development; physical, cognitive, , and psychosocial abilities become apparent.

Front 7

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Adolescence
12 to 18 Years

Back 7

The change of puberty affect all aspects of development; thought becomes more abstract, academic achievement begins to shape the future; the search for identity continues unabated.

Front 8

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Early Adulthood
19-34 Years

Back 8

Higher education or the beginning of work beckons; relationships are a major focus of these years; marriage and children become central concerns of the lifespan.

Front 9

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Middle Adulthood
35-64 Years

Back 9

Heightened responsibility; may include care children and aging parents; growing community involvement; peak period for leadership and influence; a time of physical change (for example:menopause).

Front 10

Developmental Periods of the Lifespan

Later Adulthood
65+

Back 10

Retirement; declining health and strength; adjusting to death of loved ones; facing one's own mortality; changing lifestyle to enhance "successful aging"; enjoying greater wisdom.

Front 11

Lifespan psychology studies human development from ________ to ________?

Back 11

Conception; death

Front 12

Development is about __________?

Back 12

Change

Front 13

Development cannot be explained by ____________ alone?

Back 13

Age

Front 14

Lifespan psychology attempts to specify the _____________ responsible for human development.

Back 14

Mechanisms

Front 15

In the 20th century, adolescence was seen as a separate stage of development based on the writings of ______________ in his 2 volume text called _____________. He described it as a time of __________ and __________.

Back 15

G. Stanley Hall; Adolescence; storm; stress

Front 16

List what Lerner and Galambos identified as a cluster of adolescent risk behaviors.

Back 16

1. Substance Abuse
2. Sexual Behavior
3. School Underachievement, Failure, and Dropout
4. Delinquency, Crime, and Violence

Front 17

The infancy period extends from _______ to __________?

Back 17

Birth; 2

Front 18

Later adulthood includes the years over _________?

Back 18

65

Front 19

Interpretations of the Lifespan should reflect the reality of ___________?

Back 19

Change

Front 20

Questions persist as to whether adolescence is the time of storm and _____________?

Back 20

calm

Front 21

___________ Wrote an important analysis of childhood that appeared in 1877.

Back 21

Darwin

Front 22

One of the great fictional classics of adolescence is _____________?

Back 22

The Catcher in the Rye

Front 23

Any view of childhood is shaped by how ________________ viewed children.

Back 23

adults

Front 24

What is bio psychosocial Interactions?

Back 24

The idea that development proceeds by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social forces.

Front 25

What is culture?

Back 25

The values, beliefs, and behaviors characteristic of a large group of people.

Front 26

Bilogical contributors to Biopsychosocial interactions.

Back 26

Genetics
Fertilization
Pregnancy
Birth
Physical Development
Motor Development
Puberty
Menstruation
Disease

Front 27

Psychological contributors to Biopsychosocial interactions.

Back 27

Cognitive Development
Information Processing
Problem Solving
Perceptual Development
Language Development
Moral Development
Self-Efficacy
Personality
Body Image

Front 28

Social contributors to Biopsychosocial interactions.

Back 28

Attachment
Relationships
Reciprocal Interactions
School
Peers
Television
Stress
Marriage
Family

Front 29

What is meant by continuity.

Back 29

The lasting quality of experiences; development proceeds steadily and sequentially.

Front 30

What is discontinuity?

Back 30

Behaviors that are apparently unrelated to earlier aspects of development.

Front 31

Define development.

Back 31

The changes that occur in the lifespan.

Front 32

__________ is the process uniting sperm and egg.

Back 32

Fertilization

Front 33

A fertilized egg is known as a _____________.

Back 33

Zygote

Front 34

The __________ ripen and release an egg each month.

Back 34

Ovaries

Front 35

The most well-known example of an assisted fertilization technique is ________ fertilization.

Back 35

in vitro

Front 36

What is Mitosis?

Back 36

Cell division in which the number of chromosomes remains the same.

Front 37

What is meiosis?

Back 37

Cell division in which the number of chromosomes is halved.

Front 38

What was Freud's 3 Structures of the Mind?

Back 38

Id, Ego, Superego

Front 39

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor

Back 39

Birth to 2 years
Infants use their bodies to form cognitive structures

Front 40

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Preoperational

Back 40

2-7 years
Use of symbols; rapid language growth

Front 41

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Concrete Operational

Back 41

7-11 years
Can reason about physical objects.

Front 42

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Formal Operational

Back 42

11+ years
Abstract thinking leads to reasoning with more complex symbols

Front 43

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development

Infancy

Back 43

Trust vs Mistrust
Hope
Maternal