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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteoporosis
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A disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break
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Percent of osteoporosis that are women
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80% of people with osteoporosis are women
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Most commonly used medication type for osteoporosis and menopause
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Biophosphonates are the most common, for helping maintain bone density during menopause. These medications include Fosamax, Actonel, and Boniva
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Osteoarthritis
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A disease marked by the gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability together with minor signs of inflammation
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What parts of the body does osteoarthritis target?
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Hands, spine, hips, and knees
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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A more common and destructive disease of the joints that also develops slowly; typically affects different joints and causes different types of pain than osteoarthritis
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Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Morning stiffness and aching in fingers, wrists, and ankles
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Typical therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as Advil or Aleve.)
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Newer therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) that limit the damage that occurs in the joints, and TNF alpha inhibitors that act as an anti-inflammatory agent
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2 examples of DMARDS
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(Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
- Hydroxychlororquine - Methotrexate |
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Climacteric
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Process during which middle-aged women pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years
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Menopause
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The point at which menstruation stops
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Major reproductive change in women during adulthood
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Loss of ability to bear children
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Perimenopause is during which years of life?
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Begins in the 40's as menstrual cycles become irregular, usually complete by age 50-55
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Physical and Psychological symptoms of Menopause
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Hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, mood changes, difficulty concentrating, vaginal dryness, changing cholesterol levels, and aches and pains
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Rosanna Dalla Corta
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1997, 63 year old woman gave birth to a baby conceived through in vitro fertilization
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
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An approach to increased risks and to the estrogen-related symptoms women experience, in which women take low doses of estrogen, often combined with progestin (the synthetic form of progesterone.)
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Prostate cancer in men; when is it a real threat?
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During middle age; annual screenings are extremely important for men over 50
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What age groups report the highest and lowest levels of stress?
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Middle-aged people report the highest levels, and people over 65 report the lowest
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The Stress and Coping Paradigm
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The dominant framework used to study stress; emphasizes the transactions between a person and the environment
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Stress' physiological changes to the body
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Increased heart rate, sweaty palms, hormone secretion
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Coping
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Any attempt to deal with stress
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How does chronic stress affect the immune system?
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Increased susceptibility to viral infections, increased risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and impaired memory and cognition
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What is atherosclerosis?
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The buildup of plaque along walls of the arteries so that arteries become stiffer and restrict blood flow
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Conditions that are caused or exacerbated by stress:
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Angina, arrhythmias, stickier blood (blood clots), raises cholesterol, reduces estrogen in women, increases in blood pressure, irritable bowel syndrome, weight fluctuation, insulin resistance, tension headaches, infertility, sexual dysfunction, poorer memory and cognitive performance.
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Most well-known connection between stress and behavior
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Involves the link with cardiovascular disease: Type A people are over twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease than Type B people
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Type A behavior pattern:
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Tend to be intensely competitive, angry, hostile, restless, aggressive, and impatient
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Type B behavior pattern:
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Opposite of Type A
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Ragland and Brad longitudinal study on heart attack recovery
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Discovered that Type A people recover better from heart attacks than Type B
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Friedman and Rosenman 1974
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Conducted the study on Type A/B behavior pattern and likelihood of heart attacks
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Pennebaker and Graybeal 2001
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Showed that particular patterns of word use can be analyzed by a computer to predict health and personality style
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Aerobic exercise
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Places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between 60%-90% of the person's maximum heart rate
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Calculate your maximum heart rate
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Subtract your age from 220. 220-18= my maximum heart rate is 202 beats/minute
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Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS)
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Designer estrogens that each have their own way of acting and so must be evaluated individually. Have traditional advantages of HRT, but with fewer negative side effects.
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SERMs and preventing breast cancer
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2 SERMs have been approved for use in preventing breast cancer, tamoxifen and raloxifene
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Practical intelligence
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The broad range of skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments
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In what three ways do real-life problems differ from traditional tests?
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People are motivated to solve them, personal experience is more relevant, and they have more than one correct answer
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Revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL) Test
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Asses adults' ability to prepare food, take medicine, and use a phone. Determines whether adults are capable of living on their own
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Encapsulation
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Occurs when the processes of thinking (information processing, memory, fluid intelligence) become connected or encapsulated to the products of thinking (expertise.)
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Paul Costa Jr. and Robert McCrae
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Founding fathers of the Five-Factor model, which is a personality theory aimed specifically at describing adults
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Five dimensions of the Five-Factor Model
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Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
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(5-Factor Model) High on Neuroticism:
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Tend to be anxious, hostile, self-conscious, depressed, impulsive.
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(5-Factor Model) High on Extraversion:
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Thrive on social interaction, love to talk, take charge easily, readily express their opinions and feelings, prefer challenging and stimulating environments.
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(5-Factor Model) High on Openness to Experience:
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Have a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciate art, a strong desire to try anything once. Naturally curious and make some decisions based on situational factors, not rules.
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(5-Factor Model) High on Agreeableness:
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Being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring.
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(5-Factor Model) High on Conscientiousness:
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Tend to be hard-working, ambitious, energetic, scrupulous, and persevering, have a strong desire to make something of themselves.
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Generativity
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Erikson's theory that people experience a shift in priorities and find being productive to mean helping others in order to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation
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Stagnation
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Erikson's term for the state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults
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McAdam's model of generativity
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Shows how generativity results from the complex interconnections among social and inner forces, which create a concern for the next generation and a belief in the goodness of human enterprise
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Ego Resilience
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A powerful personality resource that enables people to handle midlife changes
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Kinkeeper
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The person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with another
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Sandwich Generation
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Middle aged adults; caught between the demands of two generations, their children and their aging parents
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Filial Obligation
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Sense of responsibility most children feel to take care of their aging parents
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How many Americans provide care for older parents, in-laws, etc?
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Roughly 44 million...the average caregiver is a 46 year old woman already with a job, but spending over 20 hours a week caregiving
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The 5 dimensions of meaning that grandparents often assign their roles
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- Centrality
- Valued elder - Indulgence - Reinvolvement with personal past - Immortality through clan |
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# of grandparents that have grandchildren living with them
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5.7 million U.S. grandparents
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(5 dimensions of grandparenting) Centrality:
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Grandparenting is the most important thing in the grandparent's life
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(5 dimensions of grandparenting) Valued elder:
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Meaning comes from being seen as wise
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(5 dimensions of grandparenting) Indulgence:
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Spoiling grandchildren
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(5 dimensions of grandparenting) Reinvolvement with personal past:
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Recalling the relationship they had with their own grandparents
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(5 dimensions of grandparenting) Immortality through clan:
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Taking pride in the fact that they'll be followed by not one, but two generations
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