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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The rate of teenage pregnancy is....
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higher here than in any industrialized country.
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Depression and Suicide is caused by....
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traumatic experience, stress, low self esteem.
Females attempt suicide more than men, but males often succeed more often because they use more lethal methods. |
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Consequences/Why students drop out
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90% of students receive a diploma. Hispanics have the highest drop out rate. Social class, drug use, and pregnancy predict drop outs.
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Effects of Working While in School
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-Negative, more vulnerable to be taken advantage of by workers.
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Onset of Puberty
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Age 13 to 18. Adolescence is an invention in modern and industrial society.
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Erikson's Theory of Adolescence:
Identity vs. Role Confusion |
Identity (+): Who they are, where they belong, and where they are going, strong sense of self.
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Development of ______ is the most important part of teenage years.
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Identity
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Important Factors of Self Concept (3)
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1. searching and exploring the world.
2. facing crises 3. making commitments (see text). |
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Internal Locus of Control
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The belief that what happens in your life is largely dependent on you.
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External Locus of Control
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The belief that what happens in our lives is largely dependent upon factors outside of yourself.
-Fate, god, other people's behavior. |
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Erikson's Theory of Early Adulthood:
Intimacy vs. Isolation |
Age 19-45.
-Finding a life partner or friend, emotionally and physically intimate. |
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Levinson's Life Structures (3 phases)
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All the roles an individual occupies, all of their relationships, and the conflicts and balance that exist among them.
1) Novice Phase: period of adjustment 2) Mid-era Phase: adults become more competent at meeting new challenges. 3) Culmination Phase: adults have succeeded in created a life structure that allows them to manage the demands of the new challenges with confidence. |
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Important Interpersonal Factors of Mate Selection
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Physical Attraction
Similarity: attitude, humor etc Proximity: physical nearness Familiarity: not a stranger They like us First impressions |
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Romantic Love Theory (Sternberg)
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(see text)
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The Art of Love (Eric Fromm) (4)
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-Understanding
-Responsibility: take responsibility for one's actions in consideration of the loved one's development. -Respect: honoring and holding the person in high esteem (appreciation) and accepting a loved one as a unique individual. -Concern/caring: for loved one's well being, behave in ways that increased a loved one's happiness. |
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Jourard's Active Love
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giving to the person to promote their well-being, the loved one's joy is a source of their own happiness.
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Jourard's Passive love
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taking much, and giving very little.
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Maslow's B(being) Love
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Loving based on respect and consideration of the loved one's personal growth.
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Maslow's D(deficiency) Love
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Loving based upon one's needs and is thus conditional.
example: "If you meet my needs then we'll be happy and stay together." |
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Partnerships/Marriage
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-the first year is the best, quality of interactions between partners is important.
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Types of Stable Marriages:
Avoidant |
Agree to disagree and avoid each other in order to avoid conflict.
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Types of Stable Marriages:
Volatile |
Argue often, don't listen well, but still have more positive than negative interactions.
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Types of Stable Marriages:
Validating |
MOST POSITIVE
Express mutual respect even in disagreements, and are good listeners. |
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______ attachment of partners appears to be realted to marital satisfaction.
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Secure attachment
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Heterosexual vs homosexual couples
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Hetersexual: Those who have live together before marriage are less satisfied with their marriages.
-Committed men do more housework. Homosexual: More dependent on each other for social support, power and tasks are equally divided. |
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Divorce
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Negative effects (strongest during the 1st months): depression, lower self esteem, suicide, miss work.
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Postpardum Depression
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10-24% experience it. Feelings of sadness for several weeks after the baby's birth. Can last for a few weeks up to one year.
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Primary Sex Characteristics
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Sex organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, testes and penis.
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Secondary Sex Characteristics
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Breasts, and pubic hair.
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Piaget's Formal Operational Stage
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Learn to reason logically about abstract concepts.
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Egocentrism
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The belief that one's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings are unique.
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Task Goals
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based on personal standards and a desire to become better at something.
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Ability Goals
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Define success in competitive terms, being better than someone else at something.
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Marcia's Types of Identity Statuses (4)
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1. Identity Achievement: make commitment to goals.
2. Moratorium: crisis in progress but no commitment. 3. Foreclosure: made a commitment w/out going through a crisis. 4. Identity Diffusion: Not in a crisis, and has not made a commitment. |
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Gender Role Identity & (4) Types
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Aspects of the psychological self.
1. Masculine 2. Feminine 3. Androgynous: having both feminine and masculine traits. 4. Undifferentiated: lacking feminine and masculine traits. |
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Ethnic Identity
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Sense of belonging to an ethnic group.
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Delinquency
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Antisocial behavior that includes law breaking.
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The Main task of Relationships with Parents in Adolescence
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To establish autonomy from them and to maintain a sense of relatedness with them.
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Peer Groups
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Associate with a group that shares their values, attitudes, behaviors and identity status.
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Clique
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4-6 people who appear to be strongly attached to one another
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Crowd
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a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females.
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Primary Aging
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Physical changes that have a biological basis and are universally shared and inevitable.
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Secondary Aging
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Changes related to environmental influences, poor health habits or disease.
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Limbic System
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Emotional part of the brain.
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Self Efficacy
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A belief in one's ability to perform some action or to control one's behavior or environment, to reach some goal or to make something happen. (Bandura).
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Bacterial STDs
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Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis.
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Viral STDs
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Genital herpes, genital warts, hpv.
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Types of Personality Disorders:
Antisocial |
Difficulty forming emotional attachments, lack of empathy, self-centered, break law.
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Types of Personality Disorders:
Paranoid |
Suspicious of others, guarded, sensitive to violations of personal space or rights.
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Types of Personality Disorders:
Histrionic |
irrational, attention-seeking, inappropriate emotional responses, sexual seductive.
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Relativism
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Some propositions cannot be described as whether true or false.
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Crystallized Intelligence
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Knowledge and Judgement from education and experience.
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Fluid Intelligence
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Reflects biological processes and does not depend on specific experiences.
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Emerging Adulthood
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Period form the late teens to early twenties when people explore options prior to committing to adult roles.
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Climacteric
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Years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost.
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Levingson's Life Structures:
Novice Phase |
period of adjustment
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Levingson's Life Structures:
Mid-Era Phase |
Adults become more competent at meeting the new challenges through reassessment and reorganization of the life structure they created during the novice phase.
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Levingson's Life Structures:
Culmination Phase |
Succeeded in creating a new life structure that allows them to manage the new demands.
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Evolutionary Theory of
Parental Investment Theory |
Sex difference in mate selection and mating behavior are based on the different amounts of time and effort men and women must invest in child-rearing.
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Social Role Theory
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Sex differences in mate preferences and mating behavior are adaptations to gender roles.
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Assortative Mating (Homogamy)
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Tendency to mate with someone who has traits similar to one's own.
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Sternberg's Three Components of Love:
Intimacy |
Promotes feelings of closeness and connectedness.
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Sternberg's Three Components of Love:
Passion |
Feeling of intense longing for union with the other person, including sexual union.
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Sternberg's Three Components of Love:
Commitment to a Particular Other |
Over a long period of time.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Consummate Love |
Commitment, intimacy, passion.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Companionate Love |
Commitment, intimacy. no passion.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Liking |
Just intimacy.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Romantic Love |
Intimacy and passion, but no commitment.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Infatuation |
Only passion.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Fatuous Love |
Commitment and Passion, but no intimacy.
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Sternberg's 7 Types of Love:
Empty Love |
Only commitment.
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Realistic |
Aggressive, masculine, low verbal or interpersonal skills, mechanical and tool use.
-Mechanic, electrician |
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Investigate |
Oriented toward thinking, organizing, planning, challenging tasks, low in social skills.
-Scientists, engineers. |
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Artistic |
Asocial, highly individual and unstructured activity.
-Artists. |
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Social |
Extroverts, avoid intellectual activity, dislikes ordered activity, prefer to work with people.
-Nurses and Education |
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Enterprising |
Highly verbal and dominating, enjoy organizing and directing others, are persuasive and strong leaders.
-Sales |
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Holland's Personality Types and Work Preferences:
Conventional |
Structured activities, like clear guidelines, see themselves as accurate and precise.
-Bookkeeping and filing. |
